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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 212704-26-2 C56H80O8
    (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— 1,3,5-Tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexan 107157-91-5 C27H30O3
    1,3,5-Tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexan
    —— 2-(4,4-Dimethylpentyl)-phenol 63623-75-6 C13H20O
    2-(4,4-Dimethylpentyl)-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-propyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone 100374-20-7 C13H15N3O2S
    2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-propyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone
    —— 9-<β-Brom-aethyl>-9-<β'-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethyl>-spiro-<5.5>undecadien-(1.4)-on-(3) 13612-45-8 C21H25BrO2
    9-<β-Brom-aethyl>-9-<β'-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethyl>-spiro-<5.5>undecadien-(1.4)-on-(3)
    —— 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentane 4732-09-6 C17H20O2
    2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentane
    —— (PCN)Pt[C(N2)SiMe3] 871132-87-5 C23H42N3PPtSi
    (PCN)Pt[C(N2)SiMe3]
    —— (E)-5,5-Dichloro-1-(5-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-penta-2,4-dien-1-one 30831-43-7 C13H12Cl2O3
    (E)-5,5-Dichloro-1-(5-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-(9-vinyloxycarbonylnonanoyl)metoprolol 1350627-10-9 C27H43NO6
    N-(9-vinyloxycarbonylnonanoyl)metoprolol
    —— 4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime 75407-48-6 C7H6ClNO2
    4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-bromo-3-methoxy-6-(1-methoxyethyl)phenol 116795-53-0 C10H13BrO3
    2-bromo-3-methoxy-6-(1-methoxyethyl)phenol
    —— (S,E)-2-((2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl-1-imino)methyl)phenol 1240159-61-8 C13H18N2O2
    (S,E)-2-((2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl-1-imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-((E)-(2-mercaptoethylimino)methyl) phenol 132995-05-2 C9H11NOS
    2-((E)-(2-mercaptoethylimino)methyl) phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-chloro-(p-bromobenzylideno)-anilin 64073-95-6 C13H9BrClNO
    2-Hydroxy-4-chloro-(p-bromobenzylideno)-anilin
    —— 2-(1-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)methyl)cyclohexyl)acetic acid 1262837-07-9 C17H23NO4
    2-(1-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)methyl)cyclohexyl)acetic acid
    —— 2,4-Bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenol 80210-55-5 C12H14OS4
    2,4-Bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— N-2-pyridylmethylidene-4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamine 116925-50-9 C12H9ClN2O
    N-2-pyridylmethylidene-4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamine
    —— tyramine-DSP 1375482-35-1 C22H28N2O4S2
    tyramine-DSP
    —— 2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)diazenyl)-4-(benzyloxy)phenol 1438756-09-2 C15H13N5O2
    2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)diazenyl)-4-(benzyloxy)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde 65162-30-3 C10H12O5
    2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5-bromo-2-hyroxybenzaldehyde S-ethylisothiosemicarbazone 86950-11-0 C10H12BrN3OS
    5-bromo-2-hyroxybenzaldehyde S-ethylisothiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-(4-methyl-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1454912-33-4 C16H13NO2
    4-(4-methyl-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— tert-butyl 11-(4-hydroxy-phenyloxy)undecanoate 405157-52-0 C21H34O4
    tert-butyl 11-(4-hydroxy-phenyloxy)undecanoate
    —— bis-(4-vanillylidenamino-phenyl)-sulfone 97271-90-4 C28H24N2O6S
    bis-(4-vanillylidenamino-phenyl)-sulfone
    —— (E)-4-(2-(benzylideneamino)ethyl)phenol 87201-83-0 C15H15NO
    (E)-4-(2-(benzylideneamino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-tribromoolivetol 2415525-29-8 C11H13Br3O2
    2,4,6-tribromoolivetol
    —— 4,4'-((((((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol) 134479-16-6 C34H30N8O6S3
    4,4'-((((((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— benzyl 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethylcarbamate 1394900-10-7 C17H19NO4
    benzyl 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethylcarbamate
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-methyl-2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propan-1-ol 40117-77-9 C6H3N3O7*C10H21NO
    Picric acid; compound with 2-methyl-2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propan-1-ol
    —— 2-(5-hexyl-2,4-dihydroxy-phenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-benzothiazol-7-one 30821-59-1 C21H27N3O3S
    2-(5-hexyl-2,4-dihydroxy-phenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-benzothiazol-7-one
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)phenol 101821-30-1 C9H9NOS
    2-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-f2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinylg-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 114554-51-7 C10H8BrN3O2S
    2-f2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinylg-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 2-((E)-(2-mercaptoethylimino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1669358-45-5 C10H13NO2S
    2-((E)-(2-mercaptoethylimino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— Bis-<3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy-2-ethoxycarbonyloxy-phenyl>-disulfid 98340-11-5 C18H14N4O16S2
    Bis-<3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy-2-ethoxycarbonyloxy-phenyl>-disulfid
    —— 4-(2-{2-[2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy)phenol 292080-87-6 C14H21BrO5
    4-(2-{2-[2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy)phenol
    —— 49553-16-4 C18H16CuI4N2O6
    —— 2-Diethylamino-5-ethylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol 56024-97-6 C12H18N2O3S
    2-Diethylamino-5-ethylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 6-tert-Butyl-2-iodo-3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol 72373-74-1 C11H14INO3
    6-tert-Butyl-2-iodo-3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-Isoxazoleethanol, α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy phenyl)-3-methyl- 113465-90-0 C14H17NO5
    5-Isoxazoleethanol, α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy phenyl)-3-methyl-
    —— 1,4-Bis<2-<2-<2-<2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-ethoxy>ethoxy>ethoxy>ethoxy>benzol 134940-40-2 C34H46O12
    1,4-Bis<2-<2-<2-<2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-ethoxy>ethoxy>ethoxy>ethoxy>benzol
    —— 2-iodo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1245635-14-6 C12H16BIO3
    2-iodo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenylmethoxyphenol 1605299-30-6 C15H16O4
    2,6-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenylmethoxyphenol
    —— 112309-90-7 C15H24NO4
    —— (2-bromo-4-isopropoxy-5-methoxyphenethyloxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane 1260522-83-5 C18H31BrO3Si
    (2-bromo-4-isopropoxy-5-methoxyphenethyloxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane
    —— (+/-)-3,8,13-tris(salicylaldimino)-2,7,12-trihydroxy-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene 319431-17-9 C42H33N3O6
    (+/-)-3,8,13-tris(salicylaldimino)-2,7,12-trihydroxy-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-(2-sulfanylethyliminomethyl)phenol 1605292-62-3 C10H13NO2S
    2-Methoxy-6-(2-sulfanylethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-4-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 31119-00-3 C25H31N3O3
    4-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-4-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— tert-butyl (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 229154-34-1 C16H22INO4
    tert-butyl (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— (2-13C)phenol 70211-37-9 C6H6O
    (2-13C)phenol
    —— 5-<2-<4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl>-1-hydroxyethyl>-2-hydroxybenzamide 76310-43-5 C18H21N3O5
    5-<2-<4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl>-1-hydroxyethyl>-2-hydroxybenzamide