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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[3-(2-Methyl-oxiranyl)-propyl]-phenol 123973-95-5 C12H16O2
    2-[3-(2-Methyl-oxiranyl)-propyl]-phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine 461715-54-8 C13H14N4O4S
    4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine
    —— 1-(1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide 957761-45-4 C9H11N3O3S
    1-(1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-6-iodophenol 1426673-18-8 C15H23IO3Si
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-6-iodophenol
    —— myristic acid salicylidenehydrazide 136557-74-9 C21H34N2O2
    myristic acid salicylidenehydrazide
    —— 4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-butylresorcin 14383-27-8 C13H15N3O2S
    4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-butylresorcin
    —— 4-Chlor-5-nitro-salicylsaeure-butylamid 16393-07-0 C11H13ClN2O4
    4-Chlor-5-nitro-salicylsaeure-butylamid
    —— 1,5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim 4649-04-1 C19H22N2O4
    1,5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim
    —— benzyl N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)carbamohydrazonothioate 98624-14-7 C22H19N3O2S
    benzyl N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)carbamohydrazonothioate
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-3-(4-benzyloxy-3-brom-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid 17750-59-3 C25H26BrNO4
    N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-3-(4-benzyloxy-3-brom-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid
    —— methyl N'-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamimidothioate 81319-77-9 C9H9Br2N3OS
    methyl N'-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamimidothioate
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenol 1429628-96-5 C9H9BrO2
    4-bromo-2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid [(3Z)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidene]-hydrazide 828251-30-5 C17H15N3O4
    (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid [(3Z)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— methyl 4-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxy-1'-oxo-3'-(5''-oxoheptanoyl)-1',2'-dihydronaphth-2'-yl)-2-butenoate 95455-97-3 C23H26O7
    methyl 4-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxy-1'-oxo-3'-(5''-oxoheptanoyl)-1',2'-dihydronaphth-2'-yl)-2-butenoate
    —— 4-(((4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 89405-37-8 C17H13BrN2O2S
    4-(((4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetraacetylpropane 93728-38-2 C17H20O5
    2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3,3-tetraacetylpropane
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-heptadien-2,4 5075-75-2 C14H18O
    1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-heptadien-2,4
    —— (+/-)-4-<1-Methyl-hexyl>-2,6-dinitro-phenol 4097-44-3 C13H18N2O5
    (+/-)-4-<1-Methyl-hexyl>-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 5-Allylvanillylalkohol 37941-97-2 C11H14O3
    5-Allylvanillylalkohol
    —— 1-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol 403857-07-8 C19H34O4Si
    1-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol
    —— trans-bis(resorcylaldoximato)copper(II) 29724-75-2 C14H12CuN2O6
    trans-bis(resorcylaldoximato)copper(II)
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-37-6 C14H11Cl2NO2
    5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime
    —— 4-(4-cyclohexyl-butyl)-resorcinol 860504-13-8 C16H24O2
    4-(4-cyclohexyl-butyl)-resorcinol
    —— 4-chloro-2-{(E)-[(2-methylphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol 340990-77-4 C14H12ClNO
    4-chloro-2-{(E)-[(2-methylphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— β-Resorcaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon 6299-34-9 C26H45N3O2S
    β-Resorcaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon
    —— N-(5-bromosalicylidene)-2-aminopyridine 17543-99-6 C12H9BrN2O
    N-(5-bromosalicylidene)-2-aminopyridine
    —— trans-3-<2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoyl>-2-methyl-acrylsaeure 13720-62-2 C12H12O6
    trans-3-<2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoyl>-2-methyl-acrylsaeure
    —— (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-nitrophenol 1213654-02-4 C8H10N2O3
    (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-[3,5-Bis-(3,5-bis-benzyloxy-benzyloxy)-benzyloxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 360785-00-8 C60H56O9
    5-[3,5-Bis-(3,5-bis-benzyloxy-benzyloxy)-benzyloxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 3,6-dibromo-4-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol 861576-47-8 C8H8Br2OS
    3,6-dibromo-4-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol
    —— 4-{[(3-Amino-propyl)-ethyl-amino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 874813-59-9 C13H22N2O2
    4-{[(3-Amino-propyl)-ethyl-amino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-nitro-4-nitroso-resorcinol 860714-15-4 C6H4N2O5
    2-nitro-4-nitroso-resorcinol
    —— 2,2,2-trichloro-1-salicylidenamino-ethanol 99984-17-5 C9H8Cl3NO2
    2,2,2-trichloro-1-salicylidenamino-ethanol
    —— 4-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrobromide 138086-03-0 BrH*C13H12FNO2S
    4-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrobromide
    —— Octadecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride 7355-76-2 C26H46ClNO3
    Octadecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride
    —— 1361118-15-1 C17H16O2
    —— 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)thiourea 180520-09-6 C15H12N2O2S
    1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)thiourea
    —— 1044264-45-0 C41H48O3Si2
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetamide 380227-70-3 C16H17NO5
    N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetamide
    —— N-Propionyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin 19161-57-0 C10H11ClN2O2
    N-Propionyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— 5-methoxy-2-{[2-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}phenol 1356998-85-0 C17H15N3O2S
    5-methoxy-2-{[2-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-[2]pyridyl-pentan-2-one; picrate 102598-91-4 C6H3N3O7*C16H17NO2
    4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-[2]pyridyl-pentan-2-one; picrate
    —— (E)-2-([3,4-dimethylphenylimino]methyl)-3-methoxyphenol 1608474-76-5 C16H17NO2
    (E)-2-([3,4-dimethylphenylimino]methyl)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcin 69286-07-3 C11H9N3O2
    4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcin
    —— 4,4'-pyrimidin-4-ylmethanediyl-bis-phenol 14333-87-0 C17H14N2O2
    4,4'-pyrimidin-4-ylmethanediyl-bis-phenol
    —— (E)-1-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone 5250-19-1 C15H12BrNO3
    (E)-1-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone
    —— 1404232-85-4 C15H13N3O3S2
    —— N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-N'-nitro-guanidine 67082-04-6 C8H8ClN5O3
    N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-N'-nitro-guanidine
    —— 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-[(Z)-C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]benzonitrile 162268-79-3 C17H16ClN3O3
    2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-[(Z)-C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]benzonitrile
    —— Trifluoro-methanesulfonate1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-propyl]-1-methyl-azetidinium; 112403-61-9 CF3O3S*C14H22NO
    Trifluoro-methanesulfonate1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-propyl]-1-methyl-azetidinium;