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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-hexanon-2 35052-24-5 C13H18O3
    1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-hexanon-2
    —— 4-(2-chloroethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzyl)phenol 1243682-24-7 C15H14ClIO2
    4-(2-chloroethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzyl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)ethyl)phenol 1084955-28-1 C12H17ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)ethyl)phenol
    —— tetraethyl 2,3-dihydroxyphenylethylidenebisphosphonate 852449-51-5 C16H28O8P2
    tetraethyl 2,3-dihydroxyphenylethylidenebisphosphonate
    —— 389613-35-8 C12H9ClN2O
    —— 1446310-00-4 C17H25NO3
    —— (2Z,5Z)-3-{N-[5-({2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene}methyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]carbamoyl}propionic acid 1253208-58-0 C18H16N4O5S2
    (2Z,5Z)-3-{N-[5-({2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene}methyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]carbamoyl}propionic acid
    —— 4-(4,6-di-p-tolyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 38375-15-4 C23H19N3O2
    4-(4,6-di-p-tolyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-benzyl-4-ethyl-5-(5-chloro-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 1189820-11-8 C22H18ClN3O3
    1-benzyl-4-ethyl-5-(5-chloro-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 6-chloro-3-methylthio-4-nitrophenol 125317-14-8 C7H6ClNO3S
    6-chloro-3-methylthio-4-nitrophenol
    —— N-ethyl-N-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-ethane-1,2-diamine 1196732-17-8 C12H20N2O
    N-ethyl-N-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-(2-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-2-aza-propane-1,3-diyl)-bis-phenol 96261-20-0 C22H24N2O4
    4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-(2-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-2-aza-propane-1,3-diyl)-bis-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzothioanilide 251916-29-7 C14H13NO2S
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzothioanilide
    —— 2-chloro-4,N-dihydroxy-benzamidine 1062669-34-4 C7H7ClN2O2
    2-chloro-4,N-dihydroxy-benzamidine
    —— 3-chlorosalicylaldoximine 65685-40-7 C7H6ClNO2
    3-chlorosalicylaldoximine
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylstyryl)-c-2-methylcyclopentan-r-1-ol 123872-33-3 C15H20O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylstyryl)-c-2-methylcyclopentan-r-1-ol
    —— [(R)-1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 162458-76-6 C13H18BrNO4
    [(R)-1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (E)-methyl 1-(3-(1-(acetoxyimino)ethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 952664-63-0 C15H17NO5
    (E)-methyl 1-(3-(1-(acetoxyimino)ethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— Methyl<(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenylthio)(dimethoxyphenylphosphoranyliden)-methyl>phenylphosphinat I 66300-10-5 C22H23BrO5P2S
    Methyl<(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenylthio)(dimethoxyphenylphosphoranyliden)-methyl>phenylphosphinat I
    —— 95777-57-4 C12H14O4
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide 32549-86-3 C19H23NO5
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— copper(II) 2-((2-acetylhydrazineylidene)methyl)phenolate isothiocyanate 759434-66-7 CNS*C9H9N2O2*Cu
    copper(II) 2-((2-acetylhydrazineylidene)methyl)phenolate isothiocyanate
    —— 4,5-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)oxazole 98033-59-1 C10H11NO2
    4,5-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)oxazole
    —— 3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,20-dione 119013-56-8 C21H28O3
    3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,20-dione
    —— <2-Hydroxy-aethyl>-2-methyl-3-<4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-carbazat 6067-50-1 C11H14N2O4
    <2-Hydroxy-aethyl>-2-methyl-3-<4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-carbazat
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(1-<sup>14</sup>C-propionyl)-phenol 15212-07-4 C10H12O3
    2-Methoxy-4-(1-<sup>14</sup>C-propionyl)-phenol
    —— (1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane)silver(I) picrate 75443-45-7 C6H2N3O7*C10H20AgS4
    (1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane)silver(I) picrate
    —— (S)-2-fluoro-4-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)phenol 1216911-39-5 C15H15FO2
    (S)-2-fluoro-4-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)phenol
    —— (R,R)-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-nitrosalicyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine 1042415-18-8 C28H40N4O6
    (R,R)-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-nitrosalicyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine
    —— 4-(5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1259435-19-2 C12H8N2O2S2
    4-(5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (E)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)pent-2-enoate 1595071-43-4 C13H16O3
    (E)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)pent-2-enoate
    —— 4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-o-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 112932-56-6 C16H16N2O3
    4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-o-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— (E)-2-((2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl)phenol 1379372-28-7 C10H13NO3
    (E)-2-((2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-(hexadecyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 165614-98-2 C23H38O3
    5-(hexadecyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-nitromethyl-ethyl)phenol 635753-08-1 C10H10F3NO4
    2-methoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-nitromethyl-ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-nitrobenzenecarbothioamide 1132646-32-2 C15H14N2O3S
    2-hydroxy-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-nitrobenzenecarbothioamide
    —— (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime 97034-97-4 C12H10ClNO2S
    (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— 2,3-Dimethoxy-4-amino-6-methylphenol 51028-69-4 C9H13NO3
    2,3-Dimethoxy-4-amino-6-methylphenol
    —— 4-[4-hydroxy-3-(6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-4-indazolyl)benzyl]-2-(6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-4-indazolyl)phenol 1261140-03-7 C39H32N4O2
    4-[4-hydroxy-3-(6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-4-indazolyl)benzyl]-2-(6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-4-indazolyl)phenol
    —— 1361146-43-1 C28H24N12O6
    —— 4-allyloxy-2,5-bis(hex-1'-ynyl)phenol 925900-83-0 C21H26O2
    4-allyloxy-2,5-bis(hex-1'-ynyl)phenol
    —— 2,4-Bis(2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5'-methyl-4'-thiazolidinon-3'-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine 138799-42-5 C24H22N4O5S2
    2,4-Bis(2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5'-methyl-4'-thiazolidinon-3'-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine
    —— 5-chloro-4'-fluoro-2'-hydroxyvalerylphenone oxime 149412-47-5 C11H13ClFNO2
    5-chloro-4'-fluoro-2'-hydroxyvalerylphenone oxime
    —— N-[4-(Acryloylamino-methyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-benzyl]-acrylamide 13579-36-7 C16H20N2O3S
    N-[4-(Acryloylamino-methyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-benzyl]-acrylamide
    —— 2-brom-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzol 13296-97-4 C6H5BrN2O3
    2-brom-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzol
    —— 2,6-difurfuryl-phenol 15341-61-4 C16H14O3
    2,6-difurfuryl-phenol
    —— methyl 2-bromo-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate 89949-48-4 C13H17BrO3
    methyl 2-bromo-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate
    —— 4-(2-Phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 75303-18-3 C19H16N4O
    4-(2-Phenyl-5-pyrazin-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methylamino-benzol 76026-32-9 C7H9NO2
    1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methylamino-benzol
    —— 946497-00-3 C14H24N4O