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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol 1163155-76-7 C21H32N4O3
    4-methyl-2,6-bis-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 2,4-bis-[(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-6-methyl-pyrimidine 41648-36-6 C19H18N6O2
    2,4-bis-[(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-6-methyl-pyrimidine
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylpropanoate 114106-47-7 C14H17NO7S
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylpropanoate
    —— 4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid p-tolylamide 132577-45-8 C20H19N3O3S
    4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid p-tolylamide
    —— 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyltellurium triiodide 78083-59-7 C7H7I3OTe
    3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyltellurium triiodide
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(piperazin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-63-9 C14H15N3O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(piperazin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-formyl-4-methoxy-5-<(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)methyl>phenol 117653-28-8 C15H15NO4
    2-formyl-4-methoxy-5-<(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)methyl>phenol
    —— 4-(hydrazonomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 52693-85-3 C7H8N2O2
    4-(hydrazonomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— sodium 2-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-56-0 C21H33O9S*Na
    sodium 2-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 5-Methoxymethyl-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol 600135-42-0 C10H11NO2S
    5-Methoxymethyl-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone 389595-42-0 C13H9Cl3N2O2
    2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone
    —— N,N'-bis(4,6-dimethoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediimine 201597-15-1 C23H30N2O6
    N,N'-bis(4,6-dimethoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediimine
    —— 1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyethyl)benzene 1327337-37-0 C17H20O3
    1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyethyl)benzene
    —— 1443525-07-2 C17H26BrN3OS
    —— 1-(R)-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-4-azidobutylamino)ethanol oxalate salt 186303-33-3 C2H2O4*C13H20N4O3
    1-(R)-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-methyl-4-azidobutylamino)ethanol oxalate salt
    —— N1,3-bis-[3'-(adamantan-1-yl)-4'-hydroxybenzyl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione 1454334-55-4 C38H43FN2O4
    N1,3-bis-[3'-(adamantan-1-yl)-4'-hydroxybenzyl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Benzyloxy-4-chlor-2-(3-methylcrotyl)-phenol 71702-04-0 C18H19ClO2
    5-Benzyloxy-4-chlor-2-(3-methylcrotyl)-phenol
    —— 2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide) 1333164-74-1 C33H33N3O9
    2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide)
    —— acetic acid-[N-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-N'-phenyl-hydrazide] 861568-89-0 C15H14Br2N2O2
    acetic acid-[N-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-N'-phenyl-hydrazide]
    —— 2-(6-Methylcyclohexen-1-yl)phenol 1237740-78-1 C13H16O
    2-(6-Methylcyclohexen-1-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol 183486-15-9 C16H13N3O2
    4-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-acetamide; compound with 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethanol 21812-92-0 C4H11NO2*C9H10N4O6
    2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-acetamide; compound with 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethanol
    —— 2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]selenophene-3-carbonitrile 1428543-72-9 C17H15BrN2OSe
    2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]selenophene-3-carbonitrile
    —— N-[5-(Acryloylamino-methyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-acrylamide 13579-26-5 C14H15ClN2O3
    N-[5-(Acryloylamino-methyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-acrylamide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3.5-diisopropyl-dithiobenzoesaeure-carbamoylmethylester 2325-08-8 C15H21NO2S2
    4-Hydroxy-3.5-diisopropyl-dithiobenzoesaeure-carbamoylmethylester
    —— 5-allyl-3-methoxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1192659-13-4 C15H20O3
    5-allyl-3-methoxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (Z)-3-(adamantan-2-yl)-5-[(5-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1352646-36-6 C26H27NO5S2
    (Z)-3-(adamantan-2-yl)-5-[(5-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl 3-((2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)propanoate 1443011-53-7 C18H20N2O6
    methyl 3-((2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)propanoate
    —— 2-((E)-3-Isopropoxy-1-methyl-allyl)-phenol 18062-14-1 C13H18O2
    2-((E)-3-Isopropoxy-1-methyl-allyl)-phenol
    —— (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide 557776-27-9 C14H11BrN2O5
    (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— (S)-di-tert-butyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane-1,2-diyldicarbamate 1160754-98-2 C21H34N2O5
    (S)-di-tert-butyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane-1,2-diyldicarbamate
    —— 4-Hexyl-6-nitroso-resorcin 1892-44-0 C12H17NO3
    4-Hexyl-6-nitroso-resorcin
    —— 4-ethylthio-4-(5-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran 139368-14-2 C13H17FO2S
    4-ethylthio-4-(5-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran
    —— 4-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino)-resorcinol 109185-13-9 C13H11NO4
    4-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenamino)-resorcinol
    —— N,N'-Bis(5,5'-difluorosalicylidene)ethylene diamine 199485-64-8 C16H14F2N2O2
    N,N'-Bis(5,5'-difluorosalicylidene)ethylene diamine
    —— 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-benzylamine 21078-47-7 C7H8N2O3
    3-nitro-4-hydroxy-benzylamine
    —— 2-(3-Fluoro-propyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenol 133487-98-6 C11H15FO3
    2-(3-Fluoro-propyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— threo-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-bromo-2-nitroethanol 96089-40-6 C8H8BrNO4
    threo-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-bromo-2-nitroethanol
    —— 5-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1159343-10-8 C9H8Cl2O2
    5-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1408295-45-3 C15H15NO2
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetradeuterio-4-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenol 1146955-90-9 C7H8O2
    2,3,5,6-Tetradeuterio-4-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid 93021-17-1 C16H14N4O5
    (2-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid
    —— 1449571-91-8 C34H40N2O2
    —— (41R,42R)-15,75-di-tert-butyl-9,12-dioxa-3,5-diaza-1,7(1,3)-dibenzena-4(1,2)-cyclohexanacyclotridecaphane-2,5-diene-12,72-diol 1477494-73-7 C32H44N2O4
    (41R,42R)-15,75-di-tert-butyl-9,12-dioxa-3,5-diaza-1,7(1,3)-dibenzena-4(1,2)-cyclohexanacyclotridecaphane-2,5-diene-12,72-diol
    —— decanoic acid-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide) 142521-07-1 C17H27NO3
    decanoic acid-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide)
    —— 1574514-67-2 C18H21F2N3O4
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-di(2-pyrazinyl)pyridine 1319248-18-4 C19H13N5O
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-di(2-pyrazinyl)pyridine
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 62329-57-1 C18H11N3O3S2
    5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-Octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-benzocyclopentadecen-2-ylazo)-6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-benzocyclopentadecen-2-ol 206558-95-4 C28H38N2O11
    3-(6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-Octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-benzocyclopentadecen-2-ylazo)-6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxa-benzocyclopentadecen-2-ol
    —— 3-methoxy-1-[(1-methyl-3-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]benzene-2,6-diol 1070795-62-8 C16H22O3
    3-methoxy-1-[(1-methyl-3-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]benzene-2,6-diol