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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl ester 569343-63-1 C21H27NO8
    2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl ester
    —— 5-<2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-3-<4-methoxy-phenyl>-2,5-dihydro-isoxazol 29485-31-2 C17H17NO4
    5-<2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-3-<4-methoxy-phenyl>-2,5-dihydro-isoxazol
    —— rac-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1394174-59-4 C20H25NO4S
    rac-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— N-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 342002-66-8 C14H10BrN3O4
    N-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1H-pyrazole 129303-17-9 C16H15N3O6
    1-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— obliquol B 1030593-25-9 C20H32O2
    obliquol B
    —— 15,15,15,35,55-penta-tert-butyl-1(13,53)-6,9,12-trioxa-1,5(1,2),3(1,3)-tribenzenacyclododecaphana-3,5(1,3)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-12,32,52-triol 1094856-00-4 C59H76O6
    15,15,15,35,55-penta-tert-butyl-1(13,53)-6,9,12-trioxa-1,5(1,2),3(1,3)-tribenzenacyclododecaphana-3,5(1,3)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-12,32,52-triol
    —— N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl hydrazide 41377-58-6 C15H13N3O5
    N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl hydrazide
    —— bis(S-methylisothiosemicarbazone)-2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol 105201-37-4 C13H18N6OS2
    bis(S-methylisothiosemicarbazone)-2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-acetic acid methyl ester 66340-57-6 C10H10N2O6
    (4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 1299830-95-7 C21H18N4O9
    —— 1398523-48-2 C15H12BrClN2O
    —— 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-6-nitrophenol 82598-58-1 C7H5Cl2NO3
    4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— [(1,3-bis(1-adamantylamide)-2,2-dimethylpropane(-2H))2Zr(CH2Ph)2(THF)] 1239604-77-3 C45H62N2O3Zr
    [(1,3-bis(1-adamantylamide)-2,2-dimethylpropane(-2H))2Zr(CH2Ph)2(THF)]
    —— 631862-79-8 C9H11NO3
    —— diethyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl phosphate 1420992-05-7 C12H19O5P
    diethyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl phosphate
    —— N-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanamide 898562-42-0 C12H17NO2
    N-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanamide
    —— 3-(1'-Methyl-allyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthol-(2) 13052-32-9 C14H18O
    3-(1'-Methyl-allyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthol-(2)
    —— p-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-dibenzylmercaptal 32188-46-8 C21H20OS2
    p-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-dibenzylmercaptal
    —— 6-bromo-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylphenol 1349842-72-3 C9H11BrO2
    6-bromo-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-<3-chlor-2-hydroxy-propyloxy>-phenol 103324-53-4 C10H13ClO4
    5-Methoxy-2-<3-chlor-2-hydroxy-propyloxy>-phenol
    —— bis(isonicotinamidosalicylaldimine)diiododioxouranium(VI) 155642-13-0 C26H22I2N6O6U
    bis(isonicotinamidosalicylaldimine)diiododioxouranium(VI)
    —— 3-hydroxy-1-propyl-pyridinium; picrate 109126-33-2 C6H2N3O7*C8H12NO
    3-hydroxy-1-propyl-pyridinium; picrate
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime 901535-15-7 C14H12BrNO2
    5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime
    —— 2-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carboxylic acid 1132076-41-5 C9H8O3
    2-hydroxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-carboxylic acid
    —— 1481718-30-2 C11H12N4O4S
    —— 3-Hydroxy-9,10-seco-1,3,5(10)-androstatrien-17-on (9,10-seco-10-methyl-oestron) 4787-56-8 C19H26O2
    3-Hydroxy-9,10-seco-1,3,5(10)-androstatrien-17-on (9,10-seco-10-methyl-oestron)
    —— 910638-61-8 C20H25NO3S
    —— [Eu(N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6(-2H))](1+) 1162111-57-0 C26H34EuN4O8
    [Eu(N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6(-2H))](1+)
    —— 4-[(4-ethoxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 58285-73-7 C16H17NO3
    4-[(4-ethoxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-Amino-4,6-difluorophenol hydrochloride 192583-00-9 C6H6ClF2NO
    2-Amino-4,6-difluorophenol hydrochloride
    —— (2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazono)-acetic acid ethyl ester 102027-08-7 C17H16N4O9
    (2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazono)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1-[4,6-diamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-1,2-dihydro-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-2-methyl-propan-2-ol 100879-72-9 C14H21N5O2
    1-[4,6-diamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-1,2-dihydro-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-2-methyl-propan-2-ol
    —— vanillin-(6-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-ylhydrazone) 101087-60-9 C15H18N4O3
    vanillin-(6-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-ylhydrazone)
    —— 91428-64-7 C5H11N*C6H5ClO
    —— 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-ω-cinnamyliden-acetophenon 109090-69-9 C17H13NO4
    3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-ω-cinnamyliden-acetophenon
    —— 2-methoxy-4-methylphen-3,5,6-d3-ol 7329-56-8 C8H10O2
    2-methoxy-4-methylphen-3,5,6-d3-ol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-phytylthiazolidine-2,4-dione 85031-24-9 C30H47NO3S
    5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-phytylthiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidenamino)-pyridin 41082-68-2 C12H10N2O2
    3-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidenamino)-pyridin
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-propyl-benzaldehyde 192211-95-3 C11H14O3
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-propyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 887908-37-4 C19H21N5O4
    —— acetoxy(2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)mercury 861553-96-0 C8H7HgNO6
    acetoxy(2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)mercury
    —— 1403585-79-4 C11H13GeN3
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone 321968-50-7 C18H22N8O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazone
    —— 4-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazinan-5-one 1254335-86-8 C10H10N4O2S
    4-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazinan-5-one
    —— 4-(2-Amino-4-dimethylamino-phenylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 41669-54-9 C16H21N3O
    4-(2-Amino-4-dimethylamino-phenylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-anilino-hydroquinone 121565-48-8 C12H11NO2
    2-anilino-hydroquinone
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(4,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)-phenol 109601-76-5 C14H19NO2S
    2-methoxy-4-(4,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenethyl ethanoate 1375102-38-7 C10H12O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxyphenethyl ethanoate
    —— Tetrahydroxy-o-xylol 34785-90-5 C8H10O4
    Tetrahydroxy-o-xylol