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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(5-Piperidin-1-yl-pentylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol; hydrochloride 123192-55-2 C16H25NO2S*ClH
    2-(5-Piperidin-1-yl-pentylsulfanyl)-benzene-1,4-diol; hydrochloride
    —— 2-ethoxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-hydroquinone 90927-18-7 C10H14O4
    2-ethoxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-hydroquinone
    —— 8,9:13,14-diseco-18-norestrone 81423-34-9 C17H24O2
    8,9:13,14-diseco-18-norestrone
    —— 4-(5-heptyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol 81221-25-2 C17H26O3
    4-(5-heptyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3,5-Dicyan-2,4-dimethyl-phenol 90842-09-4 C10H8N2O
    3,5-Dicyan-2,4-dimethyl-phenol
    —— (Z)-4-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1418317-39-1 C9H7F3O2
    (Z)-4-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1223515-70-5 C10H9ClN2OS
    —— Co(HASc)2Cl2 140621-98-3 C18H22Cl2CoN6O4
    Co(HASc)2Cl2
    —— (E)-4-ethyl-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)piperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide 1537866-14-0 C14H20N4OS
    (E)-4-ethyl-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)piperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide
    —— 1159262-06-2 C35H34O4P2
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one 871905-21-4 C43H55N3O9Si
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-piperidin-3-ol 63482-35-9 C19H29NO2
    2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-piperidin-3-ol
    —— 2-<β-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-4,4-dimethyl-Δ1-pyrrolin 78744-76-0 C14H19NO
    2-<β-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-4,4-dimethyl-Δ1-pyrrolin
    —— 3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-89-5 C18H20F3NO4S
    3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— Salicylaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon 7248-08-0 C26H45N3OS
    Salicylaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzonitrile N-oxide 135778-94-8 C10H11NO2
    3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzonitrile N-oxide
    —— 2-(dodecyl-13-crown-4)phenol 106420-02-4 C28H48O5
    2-(dodecyl-13-crown-4)phenol
    —— (E)-7-(benzylthio)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-ene-3,5-dione 1118765-51-7 C28H28O6S
    (E)-7-(benzylthio)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-ene-3,5-dione
    —— 2-Dimethylaminomethyl-5-methoxyhydrochinon 42973-51-3 C10H15NO3
    2-Dimethylaminomethyl-5-methoxyhydrochinon
    —— (S)-4-isopropyl-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline 1437326-49-2 C12H15NOS
    (S)-4-isopropyl-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline
    —— 4-Allyl-2-chlor-6-methyl-phenol 41389-64-4 C10H11ClO
    4-Allyl-2-chlor-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 17646-28-5 C14H9FN4O2S
    —— cyclotricatechylene-N,N-dimethylformamide 75247-87-9 31C3H7NO*10C21H18O6
    cyclotricatechylene-N,N-dimethylformamide
    —— N-Jodacetyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamin 53527-15-4 C11H14INO3
    N-Jodacetyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamin
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-80-6 C16H19NO4S
    5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one 7718-81-2 C10H8O4
    4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one
    —— 1,2-bis(benzyloxy)-4-(2′-hexadecyloxyethyl)benzene 1436383-09-3 C38H54O3
    1,2-bis(benzyloxy)-4-(2′-hexadecyloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-3-formyl-hydrochinon 34603-02-6 C9H10O5
    2,5-Dimethoxy-3-formyl-hydrochinon
    —— phenol; compound with butanone 13624-47-0 C4H8O*C6H6O
    phenol; compound with butanone
    —— [(3-Hydroxy-benzimidoyl)-aminooxy]-acetic acid ethyl ester 63409-74-5 C11H14N2O4
    [(3-Hydroxy-benzimidoyl)-aminooxy]-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— (3-amino-5-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid 861788-80-9 C6H7AsClNO4
    (3-amino-5-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— 3-iodo-5-thiophen-3-ylphenol 1123157-89-0 C10H7IOS
    3-iodo-5-thiophen-3-ylphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[(4-methyl-5-phenylazo-thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 121876-71-9 C18H17N5O2S
    2-Methoxy-4-[(4-methyl-5-phenylazo-thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[5-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxoquinoxalin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol 1301603-62-2 C19H18N4O4
    2-methoxy-4-[5-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxoquinoxalin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— (E)-3-[2-(benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]-5-methoxyphenol 1042717-52-1 C16H13NO2S2
    (E)-3-[2-(benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-Carbaethoxy-4-<3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl>-piperazin 28533-21-3 C15H22N2O4
    1-Carbaethoxy-4-<3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl>-piperazin
    —— 6-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 39499-68-8 C10H10N2O3
    6-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-iodo-4-nitro-6-(perfluoroethyl)phenol 1132942-98-3 C8H3F5INO3
    2-iodo-4-nitro-6-(perfluoroethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Dimethylamino-4-nitro-5-chlorphenol 56024-96-5 C8H9ClN2O3
    2-Dimethylamino-4-nitro-5-chlorphenol
    —— 1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; bromide 92277-97-9 Br*C10H13O2S
    1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; bromide
    —— 2-Amino-4(5)-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-Pikrat 60246-09-5 C5H9N3O*C6H3N3O7
    2-Amino-4(5)-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-Pikrat
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-6-nitro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-3-one 65183-26-8 C17H11N3O5S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-6-nitro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-3-one
    —— 5-[(4-(5-cyclohexylthien)-3-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2(5H)-furanone 1098478-99-9 C21H22O4S
    5-[(4-(5-cyclohexylthien)-3-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
    —— hydroquinone; compound with hydrogen sulfide 14342-92-8 3C6H6O2*H2S
    hydroquinone; compound with hydrogen sulfide
    —— 3,9-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptene 1314519-08-8 C15H14O2
    3,9-dihydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptene
    —— (1Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone oxime 111364-29-5 C8H9NO3
    (1Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone oxime
    —— 2-chloro-4-(phenylethynyl)phenol 1161837-56-4 C14H9ClO
    2-chloro-4-(phenylethynyl)phenol
    —— 4-((2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol 391272-60-9 C13H11FN2O2
    4-((2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-2,6-dimethylphenol 1080023-53-5 C10H13BrO3
    4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)benzaldehyde 1093118-45-6 C13H12O3S
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)benzaldehyde