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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Hydroxy-9,10-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10),8(9)-tetraen-11,17-dion 95424-37-6 C19H22O3
    3-Hydroxy-9,10-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10),8(9)-tetraen-11,17-dion
    —— N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-iodobenzohydrazide 303065-15-8 C14H11IN2O3
    N'-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-iodobenzohydrazide
    —— 3-n-Hexyl-4-hydroxycumarin-10-14C 23121-35-9 C15H18O3
    3-n-Hexyl-4-hydroxycumarin-10-14C
    —— 4-Amino-2,3-difluorophenol hydrochloride 1955553-21-5 C6H6ClF2NO
    4-Amino-2,3-difluorophenol hydrochloride
    —— 3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 1192035-25-8 C13H16N4O2S
    3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2,3-dihydro-pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)-methanethione 1198153-66-0 C14H10Br2N2O2S
    (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2,3-dihydro-pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)-methanethione
    —— 4-{[2-Amino-4-hydroxy-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-(6E)-ylidenemethyl]-azo}-benzoic acid 78794-12-4 C14H12N6O4
    4-{[2-Amino-4-hydroxy-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]oxazin-(6E)-ylidenemethyl]-azo}-benzoic acid
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexadecanamide 102898-35-1 C23H38N2O2
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexadecanamide
    —— 4-bromo-5-nitro-2-cyclopentylphenol 1233531-04-8 C11H12BrNO3
    4-bromo-5-nitro-2-cyclopentylphenol
    —— 2-(3-ethylpent-2-enyl)phenol 87512-76-3 C13H18O
    2-(3-ethylpent-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-p-toluyl-1-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-one 135520-95-5 C24H20N2O3
    4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-p-toluyl-1-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-one
    —— 2-Fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)phenol 2304634-50-0 C12H16BFO3
    2-Fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)phenol
    —— 1393826-26-0 C22H25NO5
    —— O-2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-butyl) (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate 116432-39-4 C18H22NO6P
    O-2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-butyl) (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one 749930-65-2 C27H32N4O5
    6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— N-(5-methyl-2-thienylmethylidene)-o-aminophenol 99303-11-4 C12H11NOS
    N-(5-methyl-2-thienylmethylidene)-o-aminophenol
    —— 2,5-Bis[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyliminomethyl]benzene-1,4-diol 916599-00-3 C24H42N4O2
    2,5-Bis[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyliminomethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 1-<3.5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl>-3-brom-aceton 34696-37-2 C10H11BrO3
    1-<3.5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl>-3-brom-aceton
    —— N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-33-3 C28H40N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— 2,6-bis[(5-methoxysalicylidene)hydrazinocarbonyl]pyridine 187670-16-2 C23H21N5O6
    2,6-bis[(5-methoxysalicylidene)hydrazinocarbonyl]pyridine
    —— 3-benzyl-2-benzylsulfonylamino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine 1238832-08-0 C24H21N3O3S
    3-benzyl-2-benzylsulfonylamino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)propanoate 20921-10-2 C10H11NO5
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1392140-10-1 C14H12N2O2S
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N'-[(Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide 1082651-42-0 C14H13N3O3
    N'-[(Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(1E)-1-(methylimino)ethyl]phenol 444890-43-1 C9H10ClNO
    4-Chloro-2-[(1E)-1-(methylimino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 5,6-Dihydro-4H-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide-7,7-dioxide 120279-13-2 C14H15NO5S3
    5,6-Dihydro-4H-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide-7,7-dioxide
    —— 5,17-bis-(bromomethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene 1448532-33-9 C30H26Br2O4
    5,17-bis-(bromomethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— 1,5-Diacetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-naphthalin-dioxim 92192-30-8 C14H14N2O4
    1,5-Diacetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-naphthalin-dioxim
    —— Phenol--dibromotantalum (3/1) 65924-08-5 C18H18Br2O3Ta
    Phenol--dibromotantalum (3/1)
    —— 2,3,4-trideuterio-phenol 64045-86-9 C6H6O
    2,3,4-trideuterio-phenol
    —— (RS)-2-<(2-benzylthio-1-methylamino)ethyl>phenol 161529-57-3 C16H19NOS
    (RS)-2-<(2-benzylthio-1-methylamino)ethyl>phenol
    —— 2-(((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)cyclohexyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1293388-79-0 C20H21N3O4
    2-(((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)cyclohexyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3,3'-diiodo-5,5',α,α'-tetramethyl-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine 331980-82-6 C20H22I2N2O2
    3,3'-diiodo-5,5',α,α'-tetramethyl-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine
    —— 4-[(2E)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol 277332-62-4 C12H14O2
    4-[(2E)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol
    —— 2-hydroxybenzamidinium sulfate 37597-80-1 C7H8N2O*H2O4S
    2-hydroxybenzamidinium sulfate
    —— 2-{(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-[1-(3-methoxy-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol 1025366-50-0 C19H27N7O2
    2-{(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-[1-(3-methoxy-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-{[5-(4-Iodo-phenylazo)-4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 121876-81-1 C18H16IN5O2S
    4-{[5-(4-Iodo-phenylazo)-4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(Piperidin-1-yliminomethyl)phenol 15988-04-2 C12H16N2O
    2-(Piperidin-1-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-Methyl-6-[2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 87877-48-3 C11H11N3O2
    4-Methyl-6-[2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1394252-25-5 C15H12N4O2
    —— (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)propionohydrazide 99068-36-7 C10H12N2O2
    (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)propionohydrazide
    —— 2,3,5-tribromo-4,6-diiodo-phenol 856345-33-0 C6HBr3I2O
    2,3,5-tribromo-4,6-diiodo-phenol
    —— 4-Dotetracontyl-6-[(hydroxyamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 143361-73-3 C49H91NO2
    4-Dotetracontyl-6-[(hydroxyamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 158984-01-1 C14H22N2O4
    —— 2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl)-phenol 14229-69-7 C16H15NOS
    2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 155565-90-5 C16H15FeN2O5
    —— dipropyl ((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)phosphonate 118719-45-2 C12H19N2O4P
    dipropyl ((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)phosphonate
    —— 1622386-26-8 C19H20N4O8
    —— 1261386-14-4 C23H32N4O3
    —— tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)cobalt(II) 98672-22-1 C14H18CoO12
    tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)cobalt(II)