摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,8-ditrityl-naphthalene-1,5-diol 117440-14-9 C48H36O2
    4,8-ditrityl-naphthalene-1,5-diol
    —— N-Benzoyl-N'-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-guanidine 62314-76-5 C14H11ClN4O4
    N-Benzoyl-N'-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-guanidine
    —— 4-(Cyclopropylamino)-2-nitrophenol;hydrochloride 897953-54-7 C9H10N2O3*ClH
    4-(Cyclopropylamino)-2-nitrophenol;hydrochloride
    —— 5,13,21,29-Tetraallyl-8,16,24,32-tetrahydroxy<2.2.2.2>metacyclophane 125666-12-8 C44H48O4
    5,13,21,29-Tetraallyl-8,16,24,32-tetrahydroxy<2.2.2.2>metacyclophane
    —— (2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon 74321-33-8 C10H14N2O2
    (2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid 320777-33-1 C14H12ClNO3
    2-[(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid
    —— 3,4,5-trimethyl-2-nitrosophenol 69688-80-8 C9H11NO2
    3,4,5-trimethyl-2-nitrosophenol
    —— 2-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid 320777-31-9 C14H12ClNO3
    2-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid
    —— zinc(II) 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrinate 171415-49-9 C44H28N4O2Zn
    zinc(II) 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrinate
    —— (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetrahexyl-15,35,55,75-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 1005459-70-0 C56H80O8
    (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetrahexyl-15,35,55,75-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid diethylamide 647016-93-1 C11H14N2O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid diethylamide
    —— 2,2'-Nonamethylenebis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzene) 99608-67-0 C25H36O8
    2,2'-Nonamethylenebis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzene)
    —— 2-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl>-3.4.5-trimethyl-thiazoliumiodid 97706-90-6 C15H18NO2S*I
    2-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl>-3.4.5-trimethyl-thiazoliumiodid
    —— N,N'-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]hexanediamide 259527-75-8 C22H28N2O4
    N,N'-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]hexanediamide
    —— neodymium(III) 3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)propanoate 3-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)propanoate 53041-90-0 C10H9NO3*C10H10NO3*Nd
    neodymium(III) 3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)propanoate 3-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)propanoate
    —— 6-(3-chloro-4-(3-{2-[4-((S)-1-oxiranylmethoxy)-phenyl]-ethoxy}-propoxy)-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 890042-66-7 C24H27ClN2O5
    6-(3-chloro-4-(3-{2-[4-((S)-1-oxiranylmethoxy)-phenyl]-ethoxy}-propoxy)-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— trihydroxyphenylboronate 1447250-44-3 C6H7BO5
    trihydroxyphenylboronate
    —— diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-21-5 C18H26N3O6P
    diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol 38775-76-7 C13H20O4
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol
    —— 6-[[4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]amino]-4'-(trifluoromethyl)hexananilide 134610-78-9 C22H21F3N4O5S
    6-[[4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]amino]-4'-(trifluoromethyl)hexananilide
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol 95414-64-5 C12H16O2
    3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde 1027939-42-9 C11H14O4
    2-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde
    —— hexamethylenetetramine; compound with phenol 59481-40-2 C6H6O*C6H12N4
    hexamethylenetetramine; compound with phenol
    —— 2-(((3-(Furan-2-yl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 478253-69-9 C14H12N4O3S
    2-(((3-(Furan-2-yl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 15-methyl-1-aza-[11]metacyclophan-2-one 108396-20-9 C17H25NO
    15-methyl-1-aza-[11]metacyclophan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Di-p-toluidino-phenol 855839-21-3 C20H20N2O
    3,5-Di-p-toluidino-phenol
    —— hexakis-salicylidenehydrazino-2λ<sup>5</sup>,4λ<sup>5</sup>,6λ<sup>5</sup>-cyclotriphosphazene 54475-40-0 C42H42N15O6P3
    hexakis-salicylidenehydrazino-2λ<sup>5</sup>,4λ<sup>5</sup>,6λ<sup>5</sup>-cyclotriphosphazene
    —— 4,4-diethylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193987-98-2 C25H38N2O5
    4,4-diethylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2,8,14,20-tetrakis(9-decenyl)pentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 161170-49-6 C68H96O8
    2,8,14,20-tetrakis(9-decenyl)pentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— ethyl [2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetate 913650-41-6 C13H12ClNO3S
    ethyl [2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetate
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazinan-6-one oxime 50368-48-4 C11H13N3O3S2
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazinan-6-one oxime
    —— (R)-3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-N-[(E)-3-iodo-4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-but-2-enyl]-propionamide 691012-78-9 C22H25ClINO6
    (R)-3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-N-[(E)-3-iodo-4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-but-2-enyl]-propionamide
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(2-mercapto-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one 128921-72-2 C16H15NO3S2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(2-mercapto-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-methyl-4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrobromide 94427-32-4 BrH*C12H15NO2
    1-methyl-4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrobromide
    —— 2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 4527-35-9 C10H13NO3S2
    2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 850241-83-7 C15H16N6O3S
    4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— Tricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaene-6,13,15,16-tetraol 96481-04-8 C16H16O4
    Tricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaene-6,13,15,16-tetraol
    —— 904013-28-1 C19H20N4O6
    —— tetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9(20),10,12,15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol 83142-74-9 C21H18O3
    tetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9(20),10,12,15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol
    —— [(E)-Hydroxyimino]-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 61561-11-3 C9H9NO5
    [(E)-Hydroxyimino]-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 4-[N-[3-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]propyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 433940-73-9 C19H22N2O3
    4-[N-[3-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]propyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-chloro-3,6-dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol 854663-12-0 C14H12ClNO5S
    4-chloro-3,6-dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol
    —— 3'-Chloro-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat 66950-30-9 C13H10ClNO6S
    3'-Chloro-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-methylbenzamide 1235837-38-3 C17H18N2O3
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-methylbenzamide
    —— 7-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>d</i>][1,3]thiazine-4-thione 42037-94-5 C16H19NO2S2
    7-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>d</i>][1,3]thiazine-4-thione
    —— 6-Methylmercapto-methyl-vanillin 18738-40-4 C10H12O3S
    6-Methylmercapto-methyl-vanillin
    —— 4-(3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)furazan-3-yl)phenol 862801-54-5 C14H16N2O4
    4-(3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl)furazan-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[<i>trans</i>-2-(9,9-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-9<i>H</i>-oxazolo[3,2-<i>a</i>]indol-9a-yl)-vinyl]-6-nitro-phenol 51031-55-1 C20H20N2O4
    2-[<i>trans</i>-2-(9,9-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-9<i>H</i>-oxazolo[3,2-<i>a</i>]indol-9a-yl)-vinyl]-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-methyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)imidazoline hydrochloride 85612-44-8 C11H14N2O2*ClH
    1-methyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)imidazoline hydrochloride
    —— methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzimidate hydrochloride 106050-87-7 C8H8INO2*ClH
    methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzimidate hydrochloride