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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Phenol, 4,5-difluoro-2-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]- 1824155-81-8 C9H11F2NO
    Phenol, 4,5-difluoro-2-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]-
    —— mono(salicylidene)carbohydrazide 1446357-89-6 C8H10N4O2
    mono(salicylidene)carbohydrazide
    —— 15,16-Hexamethylen<10>paracyclophan-12-ol 106710-79-6 C22H34O
    15,16-Hexamethylen<10>paracyclophan-12-ol
    —— 4-(10-bromo-decyloxy)-phenol 408341-06-0 C16H25BrO2
    4-(10-bromo-decyloxy)-phenol
    —— 5-Phenyl-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol 19743-20-5 C15H11NO3
    5-Phenyl-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(phenylethynyl)phenol 1352954-96-1 C14H9BrO
    4-bromo-2-(phenylethynyl)phenol
    —— 4,6-Bis-{[bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-resorcin 106423-97-6 C20H24N6O2
    4,6-Bis-{[bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-resorcin
    —— [2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 853562-12-6 C15H22INO3
    [2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-[3-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]adamantan-1-ol 5234-93-5 C24H26BrNO2
    3-[3-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]adamantan-1-ol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro-benzaldehyd-<N-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-N-3-pyridylmethyl-hydrazon> 14749-30-5 C21H18N4O6
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro-benzaldehyd-<N-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-N-3-pyridylmethyl-hydrazon>
    —— Diethyl (1-phenylethyl)amine picrate 94264-12-7 C18H22N4O7
    Diethyl (1-phenylethyl)amine picrate
    —— 2-[[[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-methylamino]methyl]-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 6971-95-5 C23H24N4O3
    2-[[[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-methylamino]methyl]-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 7-dodecyl-7-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraoxatridecane 106419-42-5 C28H49NO7
    7-dodecyl-7-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraoxatridecane
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(1-methylpentyl)-phenol 40211-06-1 C13H20O
    2-Methyl-6-(1-methylpentyl)-phenol
    —— Di-(2,3,5-trimethylhydrochinon)carbonat 56132-67-3 C19H22O5
    Di-(2,3,5-trimethylhydrochinon)carbonat
    —— 6-Brom-4-chlor-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol 17835-31-3 C7H2BrClO3S
    6-Brom-4-chlor-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butyloctyl)-phenol 17473-40-4 C18H28N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butyloctyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-anilino)-benzene-1,3-diol; hydrochloride 91569-74-3 C12H11NO3*ClH
    4-(4-hydroxy-anilino)-benzene-1,3-diol; hydrochloride
    —— 5,5'-(6Z)-tetradec-6-ene-1,14-diylbis(2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol) 1313709-95-3 C28H40O4
    5,5'-(6Z)-tetradec-6-ene-1,14-diylbis(2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol)
    —— 3-chloromethyl-4-hexadecyloxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol 103048-67-5 C26H45ClO2
    3-chloromethyl-4-hexadecyloxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde [4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone 1427161-71-4 C14H13N5O2S
    1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde [4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone
    —— 3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1010800-96-0 C11H11FN2O2
    3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— β-Trithio-vanillin 107156-82-1 C24H24O6S3
    β-Trithio-vanillin
    —— 10-Hydroxy-9-methoxy-7-methyl-1-ethyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-benzo<6,7>cyclohepta<2,1-c>pyrazol 17233-72-6 C16H20N2O2
    10-Hydroxy-9-methoxy-7-methyl-1-ethyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-benzo<6,7>cyclohepta<2,1-c>pyrazol
    —— 2-[[5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-6-methylpyridin-3-ol 857035-25-7 C24H26N4O3
    2-[[5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-6-methylpyridin-3-ol
    —— α-Pivaloyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-acetanilid 59023-82-4 C13H16N2O5
    α-Pivaloyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-acetanilid
    —— 4-carbamoyloxy-5-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane 902768-44-9 C21H25NO3
    4-carbamoyloxy-5-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— (((4-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 1191117-26-6 C23H24O3
    (((4-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-2-<2-(pyridyl-4)-thiazolyl-4-carbonyl>-hydrazin 21278-91-1 C17H14N4O3S
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-2-<2-(pyridyl-4)-thiazolyl-4-carbonyl>-hydrazin
    —— N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzylamine 4226-30-6 C14H12ClNO2
    N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzylamine
    —— 4-(2-tert-Butylamino-1-hydroxy-butyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 24538-58-7 C14H23NO3
    4-(2-tert-Butylamino-1-hydroxy-butyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1-p-Hydroxyphenyl-1-sulfopropan 41233-85-6 C9H12O4S
    1-p-Hydroxyphenyl-1-sulfopropan
    —— 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one 1313389-91-1 C15H15N3O3S
    4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-N-phenyl-thiobenzamide 120951-48-6 C15H15NOS
    4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-N-phenyl-thiobenzamide
    —— isopropyl (S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylate 887471-64-9 C14H17NO4S
    isopropyl (S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylate
    —— 6,6'-(((azanediylbis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol) 872285-91-1 C20H23Cl2N3O2
    6,6'-(((azanediylbis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol)
    —— heptanedioic acid bis-salicylidenehydrazide 303083-14-9 C21H24N4O4
    heptanedioic acid bis-salicylidenehydrazide
    —— 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yliminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 371222-33-2 C14H10N4O3
    2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yliminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— salicylaldehyde S-propylisothiosemicarbazone 86950-03-0 C11H15N3OS
    salicylaldehyde S-propylisothiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-(1-Pentyloctyl)-phenol 17508-70-2 C19H32O
    4-(1-Pentyloctyl)-phenol
    —— 3-((4aR,8aS)-7-Cyclopropylmethyl-8a-methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-4a-yl)-phenol 124217-27-2 C19H27NO2
    3-((4aR,8aS)-7-Cyclopropylmethyl-8a-methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-4a-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(3-Formyloxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate 1333081-70-1 C11H12O5
    2-(3-Formyloxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate
    —— 2,4-dichloro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 150238-76-9 C9H5Cl2N3O2
    2,4-dichloro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 2-{1-[(Z)-4-Methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol 112932-61-3 C16H16N2O4
    2-{1-[(Z)-4-Methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— Metaterol hydrochloride, (R)- 14594-68-4 C11H18ClNO2
    Metaterol hydrochloride, (R)-
    —— 2,2'-((1E,4E)-3-decylpenta-1,4-diene-1,5-diyl)bis(methylbenzene) 123431-68-5 C25H34N2O2
    2,2'-((1E,4E)-3-decylpenta-1,4-diene-1,5-diyl)bis(methylbenzene)
    —— α-(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzyliden)-γ-butyrolacton 1211-81-0 C11H8Br2O3
    α-(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzyliden)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-oxo-3-p-anisyl-5-phenyl-thiazolin-2-yl-hydrazon> 914-25-0 C24H21N3O4S
    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-oxo-3-p-anisyl-5-phenyl-thiazolin-2-yl-hydrazon>
    —— [Ag(2-amino-3-methylpyridine)2(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate)] 1268374-85-1 C20H23AgN4O4
    [Ag(2-amino-3-methylpyridine)2(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate)]
    —— 3-(3-(pyridin-2-yloxy)propyl)phenol 1322668-36-9 C14H15NO2
    3-(3-(pyridin-2-yloxy)propyl)phenol