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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide 879197-07-6 C12H10N2O3S
    2-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide
    —— 2-hydroxyphenyl 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-yl ketone N-methylhydrazone 1203558-38-6 C13H13F3N4O
    2-hydroxyphenyl 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-yl ketone N-methylhydrazone
    —— 2-Chloro-4-[2-([1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 873000-20-5 C12H7ClN4OS
    2-Chloro-4-[2-([1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 5-Chloro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol 103742-88-7 C10H8ClNO2
    5-Chloro-2-[(2-propynoxyimino)methyl]phenol
    —— N-methyl-S-methyl-β-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate 148599-45-5 C11H14N2O2S2
    N-methyl-S-methyl-β-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    —— 5,11-difluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9,11,13(20),15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol 83142-73-8 C21H16F2O3
    5,11-difluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(19),3(21),4,6,9,11,13(20),15,17-nonaene-19,20,21-triol
    —— N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 303107-71-3 C17H16N4O4
    N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— 4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-n-pentylphenol 53346-79-5 C13H19ClO
    4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-n-pentylphenol
    —— 2,2,3,5-tetramethyl-2<i>H</i>-pyrrole; picrate 128260-32-2 C6H3N3O7*C8H13N
    2,2,3,5-tetramethyl-2<i>H</i>-pyrrole; picrate
    —— 2-[5-(chloromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-5-methoxyphenol 1105060-41-0 C11H10ClNO3
    2-[5-(chloromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— o-Vanillin-salicylaldehyd-azin 98469-25-1 C15H14N2O3
    o-Vanillin-salicylaldehyd-azin
    —— 2-Nitro-4-dimethylaminomethyl-6-chlor-phenol 90561-57-2 C9H11ClN2O3
    2-Nitro-4-dimethylaminomethyl-6-chlor-phenol
    —— 2-Nitro-1-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propan-1,3-diol 90558-45-5 C9H10N2O7
    2-Nitro-1-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propan-1,3-diol
    —— 2,4,6-tris(butylimino)methylphenol 1217023-96-5 C21H33N3O
    2,4,6-tris(butylimino)methylphenol
    —— 4-methyl-2-(3-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)but-3-enyl)phenol 1448774-79-5 C15H24OSi
    4-methyl-2-(3-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— ethyl N-[[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamothioyl]carbamate 51084-52-7 C11H11Br2N3O3S
    ethyl N-[[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamothioyl]carbamate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-(β-isobutyramidoethyl)aminoethanol 56443-29-9 C15H24N2O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-(β-isobutyramidoethyl)aminoethanol
    —— 2-Amino-4-<3-chlor-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl>-thiazol 101012-72-0 C10H9ClN2OS
    2-Amino-4-<3-chlor-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl>-thiazol
    —— 5-Hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxazolidin-2-one 1228454-83-8 C15H21NO3
    5-Hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 15,35,55,75-tetrakis((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 1278534-05-6 C56H44N4O8
    15,35,55,75-tetrakis((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— 2,4-dideuterio-phenol 64045-89-2 C6H6O
    2,4-dideuterio-phenol
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-phenyl-iodonium ; acetate 66166-39-0 C2H3O2*C12H9INO3
    (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-phenyl-iodonium ; acetate
    —— 2-[2-hydroxy-5-methyl-N-(2-sulfidoethyl)anilino]ethanethiolate;nickel(2+) 214976-20-2 C22H30N2Ni2O2S4
    2-[2-hydroxy-5-methyl-N-(2-sulfidoethyl)anilino]ethanethiolate;nickel(2+)
    —— 5-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1613299-11-8 C16H14ClNO2
    5-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamine 148235-10-3 C16H19NO4
    N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamine
    —— 2-(2,3-Dichlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide 477731-37-6 C16H14Cl2N2O4
    2-(2,3-Dichlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 4-[(2,4-Dinitrophenoxy)iminomethyl]-2,6-diiodophenol 13181-23-2 C13H7I2N3O6
    4-[(2,4-Dinitrophenoxy)iminomethyl]-2,6-diiodophenol
    —— 2-(heptadec-2-enyl)-6-methoxyphenol 483355-53-9 C24H40O2
    2-(heptadec-2-enyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,9,15,34-tetratert-butyl-38,39-dihydroxy-19,29-dioxa-22,26-diazahexacyclo[15.13.7.17,11.132,36.05,30.013,18]nonatriaconta-1,3,5(30),7,9,11(39),13(18),14,16,32,34,36(38)-dodecaene-21,27-dione 194417-45-3 C51H66N2O6
    3,9,15,34-tetratert-butyl-38,39-dihydroxy-19,29-dioxa-22,26-diazahexacyclo[15.13.7.17,11.132,36.05,30.013,18]nonatriaconta-1,3,5(30),7,9,11(39),13(18),14,16,32,34,36(38)-dodecaene-21,27-dione
    —— 6,13,20-Tri-tert-butyl-9,16,23-trihydroxy<3.1.1>metacyclophane 193604-08-9 C35H46O3
    6,13,20-Tri-tert-butyl-9,16,23-trihydroxy<3.1.1>metacyclophane
    —— 5-methyl-2-hydroxycaprophenone oxime 103582-38-3 C13H19NO2
    5-methyl-2-hydroxycaprophenone oxime
    —— 5-[(4-Tert-butyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol 1459803-36-1 C20H27N3O3S
    5-[(4-Tert-butyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— (1S,2S)-2-thiophen-2-yl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [(R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)ethyl]amide 1286280-55-4 C16H17NO3S
    (1S,2S)-2-thiophen-2-yl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [(R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)ethyl]amide
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 101836-21-9 C13H18O3S
    3-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-Nonylphenol;ZINC 93776-65-9 C15H24OZn
    2-Nonylphenol;ZINC
    —— EMK 211 771575-38-3 C10H5FN2O
    EMK 211
    —— 1365625-50-8 C44H46N2NaO11*ClO4
    —— semicarbazone of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4-trichloro-3-buten-1-one 1258431-78-5 C11H10Cl3N3O2
    semicarbazone of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4-trichloro-3-buten-1-one
    —— 5,5'-bis-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-2,2',4'-trimethoxy-biphenyl-4-ol 95873-10-2 C23H26N2O4
    5,5'-bis-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-2,2',4'-trimethoxy-biphenyl-4-ol
    —— 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldoxime 1314996-49-0 C7H7NO4
    2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldoxime
    —— 2-(1-Pyridin-2-yl-5-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 474766-60-4 C21H19N3O
    2-(1-Pyridin-2-yl-5-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— [3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-nitrophenyl]-pyridin-2-ylmethanone 1164106-61-9 C15H10N4O6
    [3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-nitrophenyl]-pyridin-2-ylmethanone
    —— p-nitrophenol-pyridine 42272-18-4 C5H5N*C6H5NO3
    p-nitrophenol-pyridine
    —— 4-n-Hexyl-m-kresol 3280-62-4 C13H20O
    4-n-Hexyl-m-kresol
    —— 15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-32,72-bis(2-(2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,52-diol 1094597-60-0 C78H88N4O10
    15,35,55,75-tetra-tert-butyl-32,72-bis(2-(2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,52-diol
    —— 2-(2-Aminoethyliminomethyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1379434-66-8 C10H14N2O2
    2-(2-Aminoethyliminomethyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-bis(phenyliminomethyl)-4-methylphenol 135713-63-2 C21H18N2O
    2,6-bis(phenyliminomethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 1051911-79-5 C48H28N4O12S4
    —— N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-benzylidene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone 860774-73-8 C29H22N4O2
    N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-benzylidene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone
    —— 2-((3-(dimethylamino)propylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1161027-58-2 C13H20N2O2
    2-((3-(dimethylamino)propylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol