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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-ethyl-4-nitroso-phenol 98491-59-9 C8H9NO2
    3-ethyl-4-nitroso-phenol
    —— 3-ethyl-4-nitrophenol 14143-34-1 C8H9NO3
    3-ethyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl methyl carbonate 939017-90-0 C13H16O4
    (E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl methyl carbonate
    —— 2-(3-cyclopropylidene-propyl)-phenol 327155-42-0 C12H14O
    2-(3-cyclopropylidene-propyl)-phenol
    —— N-formyl-6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine 186352-42-1 C15H19NO2
    N-formyl-6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine
    —— (o-acetylthiopropyl)phenol 17733-43-6 C11H14O2S
    (o-acetylthiopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroisodecyl)phenol 610778-18-2 C16H10BrF15O
    4-bromo-2-(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroisodecyl)phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-thiosemicarbazide 137761-62-7 C8H11N3OS
    N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-thiosemicarbazide
    —— methyl N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)dithiocarbamate 137761-44-5 C9H11NOS2
    methyl N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)dithiocarbamate
    —— dimethyl 2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)succinate 215184-82-0 C13H16O5
    dimethyl 2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)succinate
    —— 2-[3-(Hexylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol 135037-43-3 C15H24OS
    2-[3-(Hexylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenol 64276-05-7 C9H10O2
    2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroisodecyl)phenol 610778-17-1 C16H11F15O
    2-(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroisodecyl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one 56363-73-6 C10H12O2
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one
    —— 4,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-10-sila-9H-xanthen-9-one 1391714-50-3 C15H12Cl2O3Si
    4,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-10-sila-9H-xanthen-9-one
    —— (C6H5)2Sn(C6H4-m-OH)2 115051-37-1 C24H20O2Sn
    (C6H5)2Sn(C6H4-m-OH)2
    —— 2-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 1149372-40-6 C18H15N3O2S
    2-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 2-methylphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether 960069-02-7 C16H16O3
    2-methylphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether
    —— 5-[(E)-2-pyridin-2-ylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol 879009-46-8 C13H11NO2
    5-[(E)-2-pyridin-2-ylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (E)-5-[2(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol 744209-01-6 C13H11NO2
    (E)-5-[2(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-pentylphenol 198206-80-3 C13H20O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-pentylphenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid amide 63367-09-9 C8H8N2O4
    (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid amide
    —— (E)-5-[2(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol 744209-00-5 C13H11NO2
    (E)-5-[2(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxy-cyclopropyl)-phenol 60068-23-7 C9H10O2
    2-(1-Hydroxy-cyclopropyl)-phenol
    —— 5-fluoro-2-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol 863983-99-7 C7H3F4NO3
    5-fluoro-2-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol
    —— 3-Trityl-phenol 115293-27-1 C25H20O
    3-Trityl-phenol
    —— tert-butyl (2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxyphenethylamino)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate 1380092-33-0 C24H40N2O8
    tert-butyl (2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxyphenethylamino)-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate
    —— 3-hydrazino-6-(3-hydroxylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine 1380345-71-0 C9H9N5O
    3-hydrazino-6-(3-hydroxylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine
    —— methyl (4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetate 885682-14-4 C11H14O3
    methyl (4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)acetate
    —— N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide 488855-69-2 C21H27NO4
    N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— N-{3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl}-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide 147498-82-6 C19H22N2O4
    N-{3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl}-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide
    —— 2-Chloro-6-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol 1000781-22-5 C10H11ClO2
    2-Chloro-6-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3'-methyl-butyl)-3-methyl-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide 144040-18-6 C16H22O4S
    2-(3'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3'-methyl-butyl)-3-methyl-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide
    —— (+/-)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione 552855-42-2 C10H8N4O7
    (+/-)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(4'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-4'-methyl-pentyl)-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide 144040-14-2 C16H22O4S
    3-(4'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-4'-methyl-pentyl)-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide
    —— Methyl-(4-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-phenyl)-aether 56134-30-6 C19H32O2
    Methyl-(4-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-77-8 C17H20FN3O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 10-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-decanoic acid 146803-75-0 C16H24O4
    10-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-decanoic acid
    —— hydroquinone; hydrochloride 5864-41-5 3C6H6O2*ClH
    hydroquinone; hydrochloride
    —— 2-Propylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol 18232-01-4 C9H12O2S
    2-Propylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-dodecyl-benzol 23725-52-2 C20H34O
    2-Hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-dodecyl-benzol
    —— β-Hydrochinon-Acetonitril-Clathrat 51930-47-3 C2H3N*C6H6O2
    β-Hydrochinon-Acetonitril-Clathrat
    —— 1:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-hydroquinone complex 41950-52-1 C5H9NO*C6H6O2
    1:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-hydroquinone complex
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]heptanamide 1449203-96-6 C16H20IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]heptanamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-[[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol 1016234-91-5 C13H7BrF3NO
    4-bromo-2-[[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetonitrile 104113-85-1 C10H11NO2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]octanamide 1449203-94-4 C17H22IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]octanamide
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]hexanamide 1449203-98-8 C15H18IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]hexanamide
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-98-7 C12H19NO2S
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 3-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol 127757-19-1 C16H25NO3
    3-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol