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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzeneacetate 83552-59-4 C9H8ClNO5
    Methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzeneacetate
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-phenylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478400-48-5 C27H29NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-phenylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexadecanamide 881660-32-8 C23H38N2O2
    N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexadecanamide
    —— N-[2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl]-N'-[benzyl]urea 201466-93-5 C14H13N3O4
    N-[2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl]-N'-[benzyl]urea
    —— potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(6-methoxy-3-methyl-6-oxohex-2-en-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-49-1 C17H23O9S*K
    potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(6-methoxy-3-methyl-6-oxohex-2-en-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)zinc(II) 98672-24-3 C14H18O12Zn
    tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)zinc(II)
    —— oleocanthal 1273095-06-9 C19H26N2O6
    oleocanthal
    —— 155825-93-7 C41H38LaN9O6S3
    —— Glycine, N-(3,5-dibromo-4-methylphenyl)-, [(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 325970-72-7 C17H17Br2N3O3
    Glycine, N-(3,5-dibromo-4-methylphenyl)-, [(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— [2-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol-4-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester 858486-08-5 C13H13NO4S
    [2-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol-4-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 5-amino-11,17,23,29-tetramethyl-31,32,33,34,35-penthahydroxy-calix[5]arene 224621-14-1 C39H39NO5
    5-amino-11,17,23,29-tetramethyl-31,32,33,34,35-penthahydroxy-calix[5]arene
    —— 3,3'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)bis[6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one] 164292-45-9 C34H26O12
    3,3'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)bis[6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one]
    —— 4-((4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)phenol 437608-70-3 C9H10N4OS
    4-((4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-(2-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile 84014-73-3 C9H8BrNO
    3-(2-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile
    —— 2-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxolane 1258157-42-4 C14H20O4
    2-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxolane
    —— 3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole 1373499-94-5 C21H12ClF2NO2
    3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 2-Oxo-3-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-glutarsaeure-diamid 14336-22-2 C11H10N4O8
    2-Oxo-3-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-glutarsaeure-diamid
    —— 1-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-dimethylaminomethylcyclohexen 16160-09-1 C15H21NO
    1-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-dimethylaminomethylcyclohexen
    —— 25,27-bis[(4-nitrobenzyloxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-5,17-bis[3'-methyl-4'-(4"-chlorophenylazo)-1'H-pyrazole-5'-ylazo]]calix[4]arene 1403582-57-9 C62H48Cl2N14O8
    25,27-bis[(4-nitrobenzyloxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-5,17-bis[3'-methyl-4'-(4"-chlorophenylazo)-1'H-pyrazole-5'-ylazo]]calix[4]arene
    —— 2,6-dichloro-4-(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191247-73-0 C17H15Cl2N5O2
    2,6-dichloro-4-(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— N,N'-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide 1262323-89-6 C17H16N4O4
    N,N'-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide
    —— 3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide 326002-04-4 C17H17N5O3
    3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 2-cyano-N'-[1-(2',3',4'-trihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide 1254255-07-6 C11H11N3O4
    2-cyano-N'-[1-(2',3',4'-trihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2-ethylhexyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate 1400943-43-2 C17H27NO5
    2-ethylhexyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 2,3,4-Trihydroxytetraphenylmethan 34917-13-0 C25H20O3
    2,3,4-Trihydroxytetraphenylmethan
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenethyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-thiazine 1616870-13-3 C24H21NOS
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenethyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,3-thiazine
    —— 5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1174336-17-4 C15H21NO3
    5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— methyl erythro-dl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2'-piperidyl)acetate hydrochloride 78708-67-5 C14H19NO3*ClH
    methyl erythro-dl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2'-piperidyl)acetate hydrochloride
    —— 5-(4-Dimethylamino-phenylethynyl)-2-nitro-phenol 136809-45-5 C16H14N2O3
    5-(4-Dimethylamino-phenylethynyl)-2-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methylamino-ethanol 117886-34-7 C10H15NO2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methylamino-ethanol
    —— 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl tert-butyl carbonate 1240408-21-2 C12H15BrO4
    2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl tert-butyl carbonate
    —— 1569100-95-3 C60H84N6O3S3
    —— 4-Amino-2-chloro-5-methylphenol hydrochloride 2225147-61-3 C7H9Cl2NO
    4-Amino-2-chloro-5-methylphenol hydrochloride
    —— [(2S)-2-[bis(ethylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone 123064-59-5 C16H22N2O4S2
    [(2S)-2-[bis(ethylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— 2,2'-hexanediyl-di-hydroquinone 10365-18-1 C18H22O4
    2,2'-hexanediyl-di-hydroquinone
    —— (2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 1042703-34-3 C8H6F2O3
    (2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2-<N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzyl)-N-methylamino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride 92366-99-9 C12H19NO4*ClH
    2-<N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzyl)-N-methylamino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride
    —— 3-Phenyl-2-(5-nitro-3-chlor-2-hydroxyphenylhydrazono)-propionsaeureaethylester 20036-78-6 C17H16ClN3O5
    3-Phenyl-2-(5-nitro-3-chlor-2-hydroxyphenylhydrazono)-propionsaeureaethylester
    —— 7240-13-3 (Name error) 7240-13-3 C29H35Cl2NOP2Re+2
    7240-13-3 (Name error)
    —— N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanecarbohydrazide 443970-13-6 C15H20N2O3
    N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanecarbohydrazide
    —— 2,5-dibromo-4-(2'-methylallyloxy)phenol 872186-17-9 C10H10Br2O2
    2,5-dibromo-4-(2'-methylallyloxy)phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazole-2(3H)-thione 1398409-80-7 C11H11NO2S2
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazole-2(3H)-thione
    —— 4-(5-bromothiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1394840-50-6 C9H6BrNO2S
    4-(5-bromothiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[4-[(2E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]phenol 300837-92-7 C19H18N4O2
    2-[4-[(2E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(10-azidodecyl)oxy]-5-(dimethylamino)phenol 1593479-69-6 C18H30N4O2
    3-[(10-azidodecyl)oxy]-5-(dimethylamino)phenol
    —— 4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1321513-19-2 C16H14N4O2
    4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1470004-81-9 C20H26O8
    —— 4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 1034021-41-4 C9H11FO2
    4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-p-Iodbenzolsulfon 58300-74-6 C12H8INO5S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-p-Iodbenzolsulfon
    —— 5-Butyl-2-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-methyl-phenol 132645-74-0 C19H34O2Si
    5-Butyl-2-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-methyl-phenol