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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N'-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-acetyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzohydrazide 947155-99-9 C17H18N2O7
    N'-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-acetyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzohydrazide
    —— 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-[(methyl-di-p-methoxyphenyl-silyl)methyloxy]phenol 188579-11-5 C30H40O4Si
    2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-[(methyl-di-p-methoxyphenyl-silyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-benzaldehyd 58137-82-9 C10H12O4
    3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-benzaldehyd
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octahexylnonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol 133732-49-7 C104H144O8
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octahexylnonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol
    —— 4-((3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1458694-07-9 C19H22N2O2
    4-((3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(3-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol 24162-04-7 C10H15NO2
    1-(3-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol
    —— 1094524-46-5 C62H72N2O6
    —— (3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-iodo-phenyl)-acetic acid 404-05-7 C8H6FIO3
    (3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-iodo-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— semicarbazone of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4-trichloro-2-buten-1-one 1258431-79-6 C11H10Cl3N3O2
    semicarbazone of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4-trichloro-2-buten-1-one
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-benzoylamino)-propionimidic acid ethyl ester 763901-11-7 C13H17N3O5
    3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-benzoylamino)-propionimidic acid ethyl ester
    —— N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-methylamine 117961-70-3 C8H7Br2NO
    N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-methylamine
    —— 110005-83-9 C74H98N6O6
    —— 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyldipyrromethane 1232898-46-2 C16H16N2O
    5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyldipyrromethane
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(octanoylamino)ethanol 532987-15-8 C16H25NO3
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(octanoylamino)ethanol
    —— 2-(((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol 1446148-31-7 C18H16N2O2S
    2-(((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1426673-15-5 C16H30OSi2
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-nitro-4,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol 127396-66-1 C17H25N3O3
    5-methyl-2-nitro-4,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzylidene)malononitrile 1372604-81-3 C17H11N3O2
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzylidene)malononitrile
    —— Dibenzylphosphinoyl-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanol 116154-21-3 C21H21O3P
    Dibenzylphosphinoyl-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanol
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-1,3-benzoldiethanol 73593-75-6 C12H18O4
    2,5-Dimethoxy-1,3-benzoldiethanol
    —— 81421-05-8 C19H19CoIN4O4
    —— (E)-4-hydroxybenzoic aldehyde mercaptoacetylhydrazone 1240303-03-0 C9H10N2O2S
    (E)-4-hydroxybenzoic aldehyde mercaptoacetylhydrazone
    —— 3,5-Dibrom-2,4-dichlor-phenol 64415-74-3 C6H2Br2Cl2O
    3,5-Dibrom-2,4-dichlor-phenol
    —— 4-(3-Iodopropoxy)phenol 1271984-04-3 C9H11IO2
    4-(3-Iodopropoxy)phenol
    —— 4-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methoxy-3-methylphenol 1083004-17-4 C14H20O4
    4-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 5-hydroxybenzo-2,1,3-selenadiazole 91144-67-1 C6H4N2OSe
    5-hydroxybenzo-2,1,3-selenadiazole
    —— (R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(phenylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1544695-64-8 C14H15NO3
    (R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(phenylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(p-ethoxyphenylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 79571-67-8 C17H16N2O3S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(p-ethoxyphenylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— 3-Hydroxy-6-(2-propoxy-ethoxy)-phthalonitrile 75941-36-5 C13H14N2O3
    3-Hydroxy-6-(2-propoxy-ethoxy)-phthalonitrile
    —— (E)-2-({[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]imino}methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1426946-30-6 C17H19N3O3
    (E)-2-({[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]imino}methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-2-(1-isobutylbut-2-enyl)phenol 87512-67-2 C14H20O
    (E)-2-(1-isobutylbut-2-enyl)phenol
    —— (2E,4Z)-1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1374842-01-9 C21H20BrClO6
    (2E,4Z)-1-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— S,S'-dibenzyl-β-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate 103495-29-0 C22H20N2OS2
    S,S'-dibenzyl-β-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone O-methyl oxime 93249-64-0 C9H11NO2
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone O-methyl oxime
    —— cis-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexadiamine 41013-27-8 C20H22N2O2
    cis-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexadiamine
    —— 1-(4,5-Dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1245216-37-8 C18H17N3O5
    1-(4,5-Dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-bromo-2-methoxyphenol 1613299-15-2 C22H18BrNO3
    5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-bromo-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 342008-21-3 C14H10ClN3O4
    N-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-(3-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)benzene-1,4-diol;bromide 76494-29-6 Br*C12H12NO2
    2-(3-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)benzene-1,4-diol;bromide
    —— 4-<Tetracyan-ethyl>-2.6-dimethyl-phenol 95980-53-3 C14H10N4O
    4-<Tetracyan-ethyl>-2.6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-pentadec-1-en-ξ-yl-phenol 119570-68-2 C22H36O2
    2-methoxy-6-pentadec-1-en-ξ-yl-phenol
    —— 142822-42-2 C15H17ClO5
    —— 3-Bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile 1236124-81-4 C12H12BrNO2
    3-Bromo-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile
    —— 5-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-one 84043-79-8 C8H4Br2N2O3
    5-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,9bS)-4,5-dihydroxy-7-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]chromen-9-one 1404290-01-2 C21H24O8
    (3aR,4R,5R,9bS)-4,5-dihydroxy-7-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]chromen-9-one
    —— Cyclopenteno-<b>-biphenylen-1,2,3-trion 65350-30-3 C15H6O3
    Cyclopenteno-<b>-biphenylen-1,2,3-trion
    —— 4-methyl-2-([1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino-methyl)-phenol 35546-63-5 C10H10N4O
    4-methyl-2-([1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino-methyl)-phenol
    —— 1-<5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-hydroxy-benzoyl>-2-isonicotinoyl-3-styryl-diaziridin 100272-19-3 C22H15ClN4O5
    1-<5-Chlor-3-nitro-2-hydroxy-benzoyl>-2-isonicotinoyl-3-styryl-diaziridin
    —— 3-Morpholin-4-yl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 115367-96-9 C21H21N5O4
    3-Morpholin-4-yl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-octyloxypyrimidin 104539-91-5 C18H24N2O2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-octyloxypyrimidin