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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylbenzonitrile 128540-69-2 C11H13NO
    2-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylbenzonitrile
    —— 3-(tert-butyliminomethyl)phenol 130995-61-8 C11H15NO
    3-(tert-butyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol 113524-08-6 C13H23N2O5P
    6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>N</i>-thiazol-2-yl-benzamide 90765-78-9 C10H7N3O4S
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>N</i>-thiazol-2-yl-benzamide
    —— 4-Chlorbenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon 41377-63-3 C14H10ClN3O4
    4-Chlorbenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon
    —— N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonic diamide 115384-39-9 C20H21N2O2P
    N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphonic diamide
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecanamide 1029441-49-3 C19H14F17NO3
    N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecanamide
    —— (R)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-nitroethyl)phenol 1310736-65-2 C8H9NO4
    (R)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-nitroethyl)phenol
    —— 2-((3,4,5-tribromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenol 1262050-70-3 C10H7Br3N2O
    2-((3,4,5-tribromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 6-(3-Bromo-1-ethyl-propyl)-3-(α-cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one 174485-15-5 C20H24BrNO3
    6-(3-Bromo-1-ethyl-propyl)-3-(α-cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon 74321-34-9 C12H18N2O2
    (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon
    —— 4-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-3-methyl-phenol 1198117-98-4 C15H17NO
    4-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— (4R)-3-[4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-6-one 1221499-57-5 C18H17N3O3
    (4R)-3-[4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyridazin-6-one
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1010800-71-1 C11H12N2O2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-furano[2,3-c]pyridine 96683-22-6 C14H15NO2
    4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-furano[2,3-c]pyridine
    —— 4-(cyclohexylideneamino)-3-fluorophenol 1338722-54-5 C12H14FNO
    4-(cyclohexylideneamino)-3-fluorophenol
    —— 5-benzyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1431166-06-1 C22H19NO2
    5-benzyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole
    —— 1261386-13-3 C21H26Br2N4O3
    —— 3-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionamide 29112-51-4 C9H10BrNO2
    3-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionamide
    —— 3-(methoxycarbonimidoyl)phenol 500891-92-9 C8H9NO2
    3-(methoxycarbonimidoyl)phenol
    —— Benzaldehyde,3-[1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-methyl-2-propenyl]-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy- 139115-61-0 C15H18O5
    Benzaldehyde,3-[1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-methyl-2-propenyl]-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-
    —— (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate 1415547-10-2 C10H13NO4
    (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— 4-[2-(6-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)ethyl]phenol 24858-22-8 C14H15NO
    4-[2-(6-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2,4,8,10-Tetra-tert-butyl-6-(1-ethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-12H-dibenzo [d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin 133094-07-2 C40H64NO4P
    2,4,8,10-Tetra-tert-butyl-6-(1-ethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-12H-dibenzo [d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin
    —— 4-(benzyloxy)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile 1529796-62-0 C15H13NO3
    4-(benzyloxy)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— 2-([1,2,3,4]Thiatriazol-5-yl-hydrazonomethyl)-phenol 113864-33-8 C8H7N5OS
    2-([1,2,3,4]Thiatriazol-5-yl-hydrazonomethyl)-phenol
    —— 1610625-71-2 C68H99N13O22
    —— 78319-67-2 C14H10CuN2O4
    —— (<i>S</i>)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione 25582-24-5 C11H11N3O5
    (<i>S</i>)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— Ethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylate 160427-15-6 C12H13NO4
    Ethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 3,6-dimethoxy-2-(((1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl)phenol 946061-94-5 C23H34O3
    3,6-dimethoxy-2-(((1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 1,3-bis[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 142912-97-8 C17H18N4O4S
    1,3-bis[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-(2-<i>tert</i>-butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenol 62508-04-7 C17H28N2O3
    4-(2-<i>tert</i>-butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenol
    —— 2-(1<i>H</i>-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylonitrile 57319-73-0 C17H13N3O2
    2-(1<i>H</i>-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylonitrile
    —— 1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 83458-68-8 C12H16O
    1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 4-(5-nitro-5-propyl-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazin-2-yl)-phenol 101265-91-2 C13H18N2O4
    4-(5-nitro-5-propyl-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-Cyclohexyl-p-kresol 92035-57-9 C13H18O
    2-Cyclohexyl-p-kresol
    —— Co((CH2)5CNNHC(O)C6H4OH-o)2(SCN)2 58466-59-4 C28H32CoN6O4S2
    Co((CH2)5CNNHC(O)C6H4OH-o)2(SCN)2
    —— 1-Methyl-4-<α-hydroxy-α-methyl-aethyl>-5-<o-hydroxy-phenyl>-4-cyan-cyclohexen-(1) 101582-29-0 C17H21NO2
    1-Methyl-4-<α-hydroxy-α-methyl-aethyl>-5-<o-hydroxy-phenyl>-4-cyan-cyclohexen-(1)
    —— 5-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1322668-37-0 C14H13ClO3
    5-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(3,5-diiod-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-hydrazin 5051-60-5 C9H10I2N2O
    N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(3,5-diiod-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— 1,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-5-(3-oxo-butyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4,6-trione 57048-24-5 C21H19N5O10
    1,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-5-(3-oxo-butyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 57838-97-8 C15H18N2O
    —— (Z)-N-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)aniline oxide 2878-50-4 C13H11NO2
    (Z)-N-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)aniline oxide
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol 508231-88-7 C14H20N2O3
    4-methoxy-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— ethyl (4-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)phosphinate 1282618-60-3 C10H15O3P
    ethyl (4-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)phosphinate
    —— 3-(3-cyclopropylidene-propyl)-phenol 327155-43-1 C12H14O
    3-(3-cyclopropylidene-propyl)-phenol
    —— 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid 6-[2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)benzylamino]-3-methylhex-2-en-4-ynyl ester 866041-65-8 C22H33NO3Si
    2,2-dimethylpropionic acid 6-[2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)benzylamino]-3-methylhex-2-en-4-ynyl ester
    —— 129275-74-7 C20H12CuN2O4S4
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-methylbenzamide 1235837-39-4 C17H18N2O3
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-methylbenzamide