摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3-dibromo-5,6-dimethyl-hydroquinone 275386-53-3 C8H8Br2O2
    2,3-dibromo-5,6-dimethyl-hydroquinone
    —— 4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethyl)-1,2-dimethoxybenzene 1185999-45-4 C16H17BrO3
    4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethyl)-1,2-dimethoxybenzene
    —— 2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-27-7 C19H14ClN3O3S
    2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— 4-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 74954-94-2 C12H16OS2
    4-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-Dodecyl-6-nitroso-resorcin 1892-48-4 C18H29NO3
    4-Dodecyl-6-nitroso-resorcin
    —— 4-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-2-iodophenol 154377-72-7 C14H23IO2Si
    4-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-2-iodophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 851660-69-0 C18H14BrN7O3
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— 2-Aethoxalyl-4-nitrophenol 72078-94-5 C10H9NO6
    2-Aethoxalyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2-oxo-thiazolidin-4-ylidene)-hydrazone 31803-57-3 C11H11N3O3S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2-oxo-thiazolidin-4-ylidene)-hydrazone
    —— potassium (6-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)trifluoroborate 1418208-91-9 C6H4BClF3O*K
    potassium (6-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)trifluoroborate
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024608-18-1 C19H19N5O3
    3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— (5Z)-2-[(8aR)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazin-2-yl]-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-69-8 C17H18FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-[(8aR)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazin-2-yl]-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— Atranol 4-butyl-thiosemicarbazon 21236-33-9 C13H19N3O2S
    Atranol 4-butyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)phenol 1448530-05-9 C16H11BrN2O
    4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 33834-15-0 C16H19NO2
    4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxyacetophenonepropanesulfonylhydrazone 1043885-76-2 C11H16N2O3S
    2-hydroxyacetophenonepropanesulfonylhydrazone
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiin-6-ol 31594-56-6 C10H12O4S
    4,4-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiin-6-ol
    —— 2-[(cis-4-tert-Butyl-cyclohexylimino)-methyl]-phenol 101866-18-6 C17H25NO
    2-[(cis-4-tert-Butyl-cyclohexylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3-oxazol-5-one 76590-59-5 C10H6F3NO3
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— ((N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(salicylaldiminato))(N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(salicylaldimino)))neodymium 74914-87-7 C34H33N4NdO4
    ((N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(salicylaldiminato))(N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(salicylaldimino)))neodymium
    —— methyl (3-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-6-nitrophenylsulfanyl)acetate 1009320-94-8 C9H8BrNO6S
    methyl (3-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-6-nitrophenylsulfanyl)acetate
    —— 4-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(hydroxy(4-(1-propylazetidin-3-yloxy)-phenyl)methyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol 1383928-63-9 C28H27ClN2O4
    4-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(hydroxy(4-(1-propylazetidin-3-yloxy)-phenyl)methyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— (S)P[N(Me)N=CH-C6H3-2-OH-3-OMe]3 945592-82-5 C27H33N6O6PS
    (S)P[N(Me)N=CH-C6H3-2-OH-3-OMe]3
    —— Phenol, 3-nitro-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)- 1805576-17-3 C8H3F6NO3
    Phenol, 3-nitro-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-
    —— 56778-54-2 C21H26O8P2
    —— 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-phenol 32279-03-1 C9H10ClNO3S
    2-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 6-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodeca-2(7),3,5,9-tetraen-3-ol 63350-89-0 C19H27NO3
    6-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodeca-2(7),3,5,9-tetraen-3-ol
    —— 2(4,6-diCl-res)*2(4,4'-bpe) 1096700-34-3 C6H4Cl2O2*C12H10N2
    2(4,6-diCl-res)*2(4,4'-bpe)
    —— tert-butyl N-[benzenesulfonyl-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate 1315570-81-0 C19H23NO6S
    tert-butyl N-[benzenesulfonyl-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate
    —— 2,6-Di-n-octadecyl-4-methoxy-phenol 72306-98-0 C43H80O2
    2,6-Di-n-octadecyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-Cyano-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid hydrazide 57643-41-1 C11H13N3O3
    2-Cyano-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid hydrazide
    —— 3-methyl-4-(2-{N'-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazino}-thiazol-4-yl)-phenol 1027224-82-3 C19H17N3OS
    3-methyl-4-(2-{N'-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazino}-thiazol-4-yl)-phenol
    —— [2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid cyclopentyl ester 38791-96-7 C14H19NO4
    [2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid cyclopentyl ester
    —— <1.3.4-Thiodiazol>-2-azo-1-<3-methyl-4-hydroxy-benzol> 108106-09-8 C9H8N4OS
    <1.3.4-Thiodiazol>-2-azo-1-<3-methyl-4-hydroxy-benzol>
    —— N,N',N''-trisalicylidene-cyclohexane-1r,3c,5c-triyltriamine 53535-00-5 C27H27N3O3
    N,N',N''-trisalicylidene-cyclohexane-1r,3c,5c-triyltriamine
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 851660-67-8 C18H15N7O3
    2-methoxy-6-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— (1S,2S,3S,4S)-3,4-Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(1-phenyl-ethyl)-amide] 89615-27-0 C34H34N2O4
    (1S,2S,3S,4S)-3,4-Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(1-phenyl-ethyl)-amide]
    —— 1-Benzenesulfonyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-propan-2-one 72772-96-4 C15H13NO6S
    1-Benzenesulfonyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-propan-2-one
    —— Isopentylmalonsaeure-di-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid 26878-85-3 C22H26N4O4
    Isopentylmalonsaeure-di-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-I(2)-iminobenzeneethanesulfonamide 81516-47-4 C8H10N2O3S
    2-Hydroxy-I(2)-iminobenzeneethanesulfonamide
    —— N-(tert-butyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide 1612841-30-1 C15H21NO2
    N-(tert-butyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide
    —— 6-{4-[N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 360795-39-7 C19H20N4O3
    6-{4-[N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-b]azepine hydrochloride 128069-25-0 C13H14N2OS*ClH
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-b]azepine hydrochloride
    —— 2,2,2-trichloro-N'-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]ethanimidamide;hydrochloride 60523-41-3 C10H11Cl3N2O2*ClH
    2,2,2-trichloro-N'-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]ethanimidamide;hydrochloride
    —— 2-sec-Heptyl-4-chlor-phenol 22702-53-0 C13H19ClO
    2-sec-Heptyl-4-chlor-phenol
    —— 1335133-40-8 C15H12O3
    —— 17495-57-7 C14H10Br2N2O3
    —— 92033-65-3 C13H18N2O3
    —— 903556-92-3 C9H10N4O2
    —— (E,Z)-cyano-{3-ethyl-5-(E,Z)-[(4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}acetic acid propyl ester 623551-42-8 C18H19N3O4S
    (E,Z)-cyano-{3-ethyl-5-(E,Z)-[(4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}acetic acid propyl ester