摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-cyano-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylphenol 182010-65-7 C10H11NO2
    2-cyano-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde(7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazone 443762-44-5 C15H14N4O2S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde(7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazone
    —— 4-(o-hydroxybenzoyl)-isoxazole oxime 75825-81-9 C10H8N2O3
    4-(o-hydroxybenzoyl)-isoxazole oxime
    —— 2,3-diiodo-5,6-dimethylhydroquinone 144182-03-6 C8H8I2O2
    2,3-diiodo-5,6-dimethylhydroquinone
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione 327031-29-8 C13H12N2O6
    5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— 2-bromo-6-methylisovanillin 135586-13-9 C9H9BrO3
    2-bromo-6-methylisovanillin
    —— 4'-Methylphenyl-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat 66950-28-5 C14H13NO6S
    4'-Methylphenyl-5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenylmethansulfonat
    —— 2-((5-methylisoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-4-bromo-6-methoxyphenol 5348-72-1 C12H11BrN2O3
    2-((5-methylisoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-4-bromo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1458694-02-4 C16H15NO2
    4-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate 879078-72-5 C21H21N3O4
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate
    —— 25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(diphenylmethylsilyl)calix[4]arene 1092456-08-0 C80H72O4Si4
    25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(diphenylmethylsilyl)calix[4]arene
    —— 5,7-dichloro-2-methylisoindolin-4-ol 1022250-76-5 C9H9Cl2NO
    5,7-dichloro-2-methylisoindolin-4-ol
    —— l-Adrenalin ascorbinate 134-17-8 C15H21NO9
    l-Adrenalin ascorbinate
    —— 1641550-68-6 C13H11ClN2OS
    —— N-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-thiobenzamide 120951-44-2 C14H12ClNOS
    N-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-thiobenzamide
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone 2,6-dimethylphenylhydrazone 75475-99-9 C18H22N2O
    3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone 2,6-dimethylphenylhydrazone
    —— N-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionyl]pyrrolidine 125789-41-5 C13H17NO3
    N-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionyl]pyrrolidine
    —— [4-[2-(9-methyl(C60-Ih)[5,6]fulleren-1-yl)ethynyl]phenyl]-[4-[2-[4-tris[4-[2-[3-(2-trimethylsilylethylsulfanylmethyl)phenyl]ethynyl]phenyl]silylphenyl]ethynyl]phenyl]diazene 1187532-49-5 C143H84N2S3Si4
    [4-[2-(9-methyl(C60-Ih)[5,6]fulleren-1-yl)ethynyl]phenyl]-[4-[2-[4-tris[4-[2-[3-(2-trimethylsilylethylsulfanylmethyl)phenyl]ethynyl]phenyl]silylphenyl]ethynyl]phenyl]diazene
    —— 147107-34-4 C11H16BF4NO2
    —— 2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide 50739-98-5 C9H7N3O4
    2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 6-Heptadecyl-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenol 859783-31-6 C26H46O2
    6-Heptadecyl-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 189317-29-1 C10H12BrNO2
    4-Bromo-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2,2'-di(2-hydroxybenzaliminoethyl) disulfide 847032-01-3 C18H20N2O2S2
    2,2'-di(2-hydroxybenzaliminoethyl) disulfide
    —— 5-iodo-2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-phenol 927872-75-1 C10H13IO2
    5-iodo-2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-fluorophenol 1261946-35-3 C12H11FOS
    4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-fluorophenol
    —— 1-{[1-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-pyridinium; iodide 19350-33-5 C12H11N2O*I
    1-{[1-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-pyridinium; iodide
    —— 2-(2'-iodo-3'-bromopropyl)phenol 119729-78-1 C9H10BrIO
    2-(2'-iodo-3'-bromopropyl)phenol
    —— 5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1613299-09-4 C23H21NO3
    5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl)-5-phenyl-isoxazol 93729-31-8 C18H15NO3
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styryl)-5-phenyl-isoxazol
    —— 4-[(E)-[3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol 393132-94-0 C15H15N7O4
    4-[(E)-[3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol
    —— 909114-26-7 C19H22F6N4O3
    —— 1-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)propan-1-one 1607446-88-7 C16H22O2
    1-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)benzene 1,4-diol 1426400-29-4 C12H12N2O3
    2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)benzene 1,4-diol
    —— 2-Cyano-3-{4-[2-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl}propanol 343880-01-3 C19H21NO5S
    2-Cyano-3-{4-[2-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl}propanol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-ethyl ester 36767-72-3 C9H11NO2S
    (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-ethyl ester
    —— 2,4-Bis(methylthiomethyl)-6-nitrophenol 52132-64-6 C10H13NO3S2
    2,4-Bis(methylthiomethyl)-6-nitrophenol
    —— 7-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-1H-quinolin-4-one 1059686-90-6 C17H13F2IN2O2
    7-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-1H-quinolin-4-one
    —— (R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-((1R,3R,3aS,8R,8aS)-1,3,8-tris((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-7-chloro-3a,8a-dihydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydrocyclopenta[a]inden-5-yl)ethyl (R)-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate 1332271-39-2 C50H87ClO12Si4
    (R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-((1R,3R,3aS,8R,8aS)-1,3,8-tris((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-7-chloro-3a,8a-dihydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydrocyclopenta[a]inden-5-yl)ethyl (R)-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate
    —— 3-(3-iodo-5-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester 334016-87-4 C20H30INO6
    3-(3-iodo-5-[(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropoxypropionic acid ethyl ester
    —— magnesium (2,4-dinitro-phenolate) 63007-72-7 2C6H3N2O5*Mg
    magnesium (2,4-dinitro-phenolate)
    —— 2-[(5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanohydrazide 1203564-19-5 C18H20N6O3S
    2-[(5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanohydrazide
    —— 4-[(2E)-4-methylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol 277332-61-3 C12H14O2
    4-[(2E)-4-methylpenta-2,4-dienoxy]phenol
    —— 1-phenyl-3-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline 76455-65-7 C23H22N2O2
    1-phenyl-3-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline
    —— 1432754-07-8 C17H17NO4S
    —— ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-(thiophen-2-yl)butanoate 1416565-89-3 C18H20O6S
    ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-(thiophen-2-yl)butanoate
    —— N,N'-bis-(4-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane 65989-44-8 C17H18N2O4
    N,N'-bis-(4-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane
    —— 4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-3-o-tolyloxy-propylamino)-ethoxy]-phenol 67333-19-1 C18H23NO4
    4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-3-o-tolyloxy-propylamino)-ethoxy]-phenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-(1,3,5-trithian-2-yl)phenol 81259-31-6 C10H12OS3
    3-methyl-4-(1,3,5-trithian-2-yl)phenol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetonitrile 3190-87-2 C9H9NOS
    (4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetonitrile
    —— N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane 604800-11-5 C22H28N2O4
    N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane