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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1381884-58-7 C15H23NO2
    N-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— [7-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-heptyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 141920-33-4 C18H29NO3
    [7-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-heptyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 1032644-78-2 C27H33NO9
    —— 4-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 39948-19-1 C9H8O
    4-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— 25,27-bis(2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)ethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 197796-03-5 C74H84O6
    25,27-bis(2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)ethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene
    —— 4-Decyl-6-nitroso-resorcin 1892-47-3 C16H25NO3
    4-Decyl-6-nitroso-resorcin
    —— 4-[5-(4-Decylphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]phenol 121679-53-6 C24H30N2OS
    4-[5-(4-Decylphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 1,7-bis((2-aminoethyl)thio)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione 1268812-25-4 C25H34N2O6S2
    1,7-bis((2-aminoethyl)thio)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 1402687-51-7 C12H16Cl2NiO5
    —— 3-(2,4-dimethyl-pyrrol-3-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester; picrate 101430-64-2 C6H3N3O7*C10H15NO2
    3-(2,4-dimethyl-pyrrol-3-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester; picrate
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(difluoromethyl)phenol 1261777-16-5 C7H5ClF2O
    3-Chloro-5-(difluoromethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(3aS,6aR)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-2-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]methylideneamino]phenol 1194384-93-4 C18H17BFNO3
    2-[[4-[(3aS,6aR)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-2-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]methylideneamino]phenol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide 98550-09-5 C7H6N2O5
    2,5-dihydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid amide
    —— (Z)-4-(5-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)pent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1612146-68-5 C22H31N3O2S
    (Z)-4-(5-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)pent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-benzylimine) 101718-64-3 C18H21NO2
    2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-benzylimine)
    —— 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl ester 68925-61-1 C15H22N2OS2
    4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl ester
    —— (2-hydroxy-propyl)-salicylidene-dithiocarbazic acid 99841-28-8 C11H14N2O2S2
    (2-hydroxy-propyl)-salicylidene-dithiocarbazic acid
    —— 2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 19028-75-2 C12H17NO5
    2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
    —— 3-dodecyloxy-5-hydroxyphenylethyne 1159587-65-1 C20H30O2
    3-dodecyloxy-5-hydroxyphenylethyne
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(1,1,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-phenol 92860-56-5 C15H24O2
    2-Methoxy-4-(1,1,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-phenol
    —— [8-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 141920-34-5 C19H31NO3
    [8-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3,5-Dichloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-phenol 85128-37-6 C11H8Cl2N2O
    3,5-Dichloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-phenol
    —— (S)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbaldehyde 1269638-17-6 C10H9NO2S
    (S)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 64047-88-7 C6H3Cl2NNaO3
    —— 4-((isopropyl(methyl)-l4-sulfaneylidene)amino)benzonitrile compound with picric acid (1:1) 103375-91-3 C6H3N3O7*C11H14N2S
    4-((isopropyl(methyl)-l4-sulfaneylidene)amino)benzonitrile compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— 4,6-bis[1-(ethylimino)ethyl]resorcinol 874376-25-7 C14H20N2O2
    4,6-bis[1-(ethylimino)ethyl]resorcinol
    —— tris-<2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxybenzylideneethyl)>amine 121458-97-7 C30H36N4O6
    tris-<2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxybenzylideneethyl)>amine
    —— (R)-N-salicylidenenorepinephrine 73428-22-5 C15H15NO4
    (R)-N-salicylidenenorepinephrine
    —— 2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid 128612-48-6 C7H8O6S
    2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid
    —— (E)-2-chloro-6-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imino)methyl)phenol 1542929-38-3 C13H11ClN2O
    (E)-2-chloro-6-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-[1-(2-imidazol-1-yl-ethyl)-butyl]-phenol 71238-46-5 C15H20N2O
    2-[1-(2-imidazol-1-yl-ethyl)-butyl]-phenol
    —— 1304095-42-8 C17H15N3O2
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine 398134-34-4 C8H10N4O2
    1-Hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine
    —— 3-hydroxy-mandelamidine; hydrochloride 24440-19-5 C8H10N2O2*ClH
    3-hydroxy-mandelamidine; hydrochloride
    —— 3-m-Hydroxyphenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2,2-dinitril 34701-74-1 C15H12N2O
    3-m-Hydroxyphenylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2,2-dinitril
    —— 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-furamidoxime 59589-45-6 C11H10N2O3
    5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-furamidoxime
    —— 3-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)pyridine 6759-49-5 C11H9N3O
    3-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)pyridine
    —— tert-butyl (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enoate 91827-14-4 C17H21NO5
    tert-butyl (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enoate
    —— 2-Amino-5(o-hydroxyphenyl)oxazolin 3876-11-7 C9H10N2O2
    2-Amino-5(o-hydroxyphenyl)oxazolin
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3-chlorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-33-9 C16H10Br2ClN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3-chlorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]-4,6-dinitrophenol 198835-53-9 C20H12N6O10
    2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-hydrazonomethyl-6-nitro-phenol 51084-78-7 C7H6BrN3O3
    4-Bromo-2-hydrazonomethyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— Benzyl-(3,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfid 30788-87-5 C13H10Cl2OS
    Benzyl-(3,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfid
    —— 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol 162360-76-1 C11H17NO3
    2-Amino-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride 1391408-14-2 C9H13BrClNO3
    4-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-amino-2,3-dimethoxyphenol 35033-01-3 C8H11NO3
    4-amino-2,3-dimethoxyphenol
    —— N1-[3'-(adamantan-1-yl)-4'-hydroxybenzyl]-4-hydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine 1454334-54-3 C21H23FN2O3
    N1-[3'-(adamantan-1-yl)-4'-hydroxybenzyl]-4-hydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine
    —— m-(1-Cyclopropylethyl)phenol 93351-07-6 C11H14O
    m-(1-Cyclopropylethyl)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-Tribromophenol--copper (1/1) 5456-36-0 C6H3Br3CuO
    2,4,6-Tribromophenol--copper (1/1)
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl-4-methylphenol 139693-90-6 C14H14O2Te
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl-4-methylphenol