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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,2,3-trihydroxy-4,5,6-trifluorobenzene —— C6H3F3O3
    1,2,3-trihydroxy-4,5,6-trifluorobenzene
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C18H28N2O4
    2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— bis(2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate —— C36H50N2O8
    bis(2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— 3-[4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-1-piperidinyl]-5-[[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]methoxy]pyridine —— C28H39N3O5
    3-[4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-1-piperidinyl]-5-[[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]methoxy]pyridine
    —— 2-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C9H10F3NO
    2-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[2,2-dichloro-2-fluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C9H10Cl2FNO
    2-[2,2-dichloro-2-fluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[2-[1-[5-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-3-pyridyl]-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]phenol —— C23H31N3O3
    4-[2-[1-[5-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-3-pyridyl]-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]phenol
    —— 4-[2-[1-[5-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-3-pyridyl]-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]phenol hydrochloride —— C23H31N3O3*ClH
    4-[2-[1-[5-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-3-pyridyl]-4-piperidinyl]ethoxy]phenol hydrochloride
    —— 5-[Hydroxy-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-4a-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-one —— C18H22O3
    5-[Hydroxy-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-4a-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-one
    —— ethyl 1-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C13H16O4
    ethyl 1-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— 4,5-dimethyl-2-(hexafluoro-α-hydroxyisopropyl)phenol —— C11H10F6O2
    4,5-dimethyl-2-(hexafluoro-α-hydroxyisopropyl)phenol
    —— 2-{4-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethan-1-ol —— C15H24N2O2
    2-{4-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethan-1-ol
    —— (S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 2-O-sulfate —— C10H14O5S
    (S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 2-O-sulfate
    —— 3'-keto rhododendrin —— C16H22O7
    3'-keto rhododendrin
    —— 2-methoxy-5-ethylhydroquinone —— C9H12O3
    2-methoxy-5-ethylhydroquinone
    —— N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-{4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl}propanamide —— C17H18ClNO3
    N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-{4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl}propanamide
    —— 5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H,5H)-trione —— C16H16N4O6
    5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H,5H)-trione
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexyl acrylate —— C15H20O3
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexyl acrylate
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-4,5,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-butenone-1 —— C14H18O5
    1-(2-hydroxy-4,5,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-butenone-1
    —— 4-(Cyclopropylmethoxyphenylmethoxy)phenol —— C17H18O3
    4-(Cyclopropylmethoxyphenylmethoxy)phenol
    —— (2-pyridylmethyl) 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate —— C15H15NO3
    (2-pyridylmethyl) 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— A-98881 —— C34H37N3O6
    A-98881
    —— 2-[(1R)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl]-4-methylphenol —— C15H22O
    2-[(1R)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-Nonyl-pyrogallol —— C15H24O3
    4-Nonyl-pyrogallol
    —— 6-[4-(1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)aminophenyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methylpyridazin-3(2H)one —— C19H19N3O3
    6-[4-(1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)aminophenyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methylpyridazin-3(2H)one
    —— 4-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)phenol —— C11H8O
    4-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)phenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)bis(triflyl)methane —— C9H2F10O5S2
    (4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)bis(triflyl)methane
    —— 4,6-dibromo-2-chloro-resorcinol —— C6H3Br2ClO2
    4,6-dibromo-2-chloro-resorcinol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-yl)phenol —— C10H9ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-yl)phenol
    —— diethylammonium [1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenylphosphinate —— C4H11N*C14H15O4P
    diethylammonium [1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenylphosphinate
    —— diethylammonium methyl[1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphinate —— C4H11N*C9H13O4P
    diethylammonium methyl[1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphinate
    —— diethylammonium ethyl[1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphinate —— C4H11N*C10H15O4P
    diethylammonium ethyl[1-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphinate
    —— 1,2-diamino-1-(4-hydroxy)phenylethane hydrochloride —— C8H12N2O*ClH
    1,2-diamino-1-(4-hydroxy)phenylethane hydrochloride
    —— (S)-1-benzyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamidine —— C19H21N3O2
    (S)-1-benzyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamidine
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one —— C10H7N3O4S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one 1181081-52-6 C10H8N2O2S
    (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one 1393445-37-8 C12H12N2O4S
    (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-5-(3,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one 1393445-34-5 C10H8N2O3S
    (Z)-5-(3,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)acetamide 901125-07-3 C20H20ClNO4
    2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)acetamide
    —— N-trans-4-O-methylcaffeoyl-3'-O-methyldopamine —— C19H21NO5
    N-trans-4-O-methylcaffeoyl-3'-O-methyldopamine
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-nitrophenyl)acetate —— C11H13NO6
    methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— N,N'-dimethyl-p-methyl-tetrahomoazacalix[4]arene —— C36H42N2O4
    N,N'-dimethyl-p-methyl-tetrahomoazacalix[4]arene
    —— 5,23-di-tert-butyl-11,17-dimethyl-4,24,26,27-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene —— C38H44O4
    5,23-di-tert-butyl-11,17-dimethyl-4,24,26,27-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— 4-chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol —— C9H9ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenediol —— C12H11NO2
    2-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4-benzenediol
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol —— C13H12O3S
    3-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol —— C13H12O3S
    2-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol
    —— 6-[trans-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)-1-propenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C19H23BrO3
    6-[trans-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)-1-propenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— LG120331 —— C20H25BrO2
    LG120331
    —— LG120048 —— C18H23BrO2
    LG120048