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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-benzyl-2(3H)-pyrrolone 1208223-64-6 C25H20ClNO3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-benzyl-2(3H)-pyrrolone
    —— {2-[(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-acetoxy]-ethyl}-trimethyl-ammonium; dipicrate 115214-26-1 C6H2N3O7*C6H3N3O7*C10H18N3O2
    {2-[(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-acetoxy]-ethyl}-trimethyl-ammonium; dipicrate
    —— (5-hydroxy-benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophen-3-yl)-acetic acid 60814-09-7 C10H8O3Se
    (5-hydroxy-benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophen-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 5-((S)-5-Methyl-heptyl)-benzene-1,3-diol 220170-14-9 C14H22O2
    5-((S)-5-Methyl-heptyl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Acetylamino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 765951-91-5 C16H17N3O7
    2-Acetylamino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (S)-2-(4-(3-((1,1-Dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)ethyl acetate maleate 124208-19-1 C4H4O4*C17H27NO4
    (S)-2-(4-(3-((1,1-Dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)ethyl acetate maleate
    —— benzaldehyde [5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-hydrazone 57735-21-4 C15H12N4OS
    benzaldehyde [5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-hydrazone
    —— cycloheptyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-30-5 C22H32N2O5
    cycloheptyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3,5-difluoro-2-iodophenol 899427-54-4 C6H3F2IO
    3,5-difluoro-2-iodophenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one oxime 49745-59-7 C11H15NO2
    1-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-butan-1-one oxime
    —— 4,2'-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole-3,5-diyl)-bis-phenol 58721-49-6 C16H15NO3
    4,2'-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole-3,5-diyl)-bis-phenol
    —— N'2,N'6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide 98329-42-1 C29H25N5O8
    N'2,N'6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide
    —— 6-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-phenyl)-hexanoic acid 84978-23-4 C15H22O3
    6-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-phenyl)-hexanoic acid
    —— 4,6-bis(1,2-isoxazol-5-yl)resorcinol 52814-44-5 C12H8N2O4
    4,6-bis(1,2-isoxazol-5-yl)resorcinol
    —— 1-(4-butoxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]thiourea 122772-01-4 C19H23N3O4S
    1-(4-butoxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]thiourea
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(phenylimino)-4-thiazolidinone 1236325-17-9 C24H20N2O3S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(phenylimino)-4-thiazolidinone
    —— bis(isonicotinamidosalicylaldimine)diacetatodioxouranium(VI) 155642-16-3 C30H28N6O10U
    bis(isonicotinamidosalicylaldimine)diacetatodioxouranium(VI)
    —— 3,5-bis(ditert-butylphosphanylmethyl)-2,6-dimethylbenzene-4-id-1-ol;carbanide;chlororhodium(2+) 194211-69-3 C27H50ClOP2Rh
    3,5-bis(ditert-butylphosphanylmethyl)-2,6-dimethylbenzene-4-id-1-ol;carbanide;chlororhodium(2+)
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-(2-hydroxyimino-1-methylpropyl)amine N-oxide 1568940-48-6 C12H16N2O4
    N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-(2-hydroxyimino-1-methylpropyl)amine N-oxide
    —— (4R,9R,19R,24R)-14,29-ditert-butyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazapentacyclo[25.3.1.112,16.04,9.019,24]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol 656811-80-2 C36H56N4O2
    (4R,9R,19R,24R)-14,29-ditert-butyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazapentacyclo[25.3.1.112,16.04,9.019,24]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol
    —— 17-tert-butyl-26,27,28-trihydroxy-5,11,23-trimethylcalix<4>arene 144536-56-1 C35H38O3
    17-tert-butyl-26,27,28-trihydroxy-5,11,23-trimethylcalix<4>arene
    —— N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide hydrochloride 134636-39-8 C13H19N3O5*ClH
    N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide hydrochloride
    —— ethyl <carboxy, 2-14C2>-3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate 87671-17-8 C10H10Br2O4
    ethyl <carboxy, 2-14C2>-3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate
    —— 4b,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5H-benzo<3,4>cyclobuta<1,2>cyclohepten-2,4b-diol 89638-83-5 C13H16O2
    4b,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5H-benzo<3,4>cyclobuta<1,2>cyclohepten-2,4b-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-(N2,N2-diaethyl-hydrazid) 95173-61-8 C11H16N2OS
    2-Hydroxy-thiobenzoesaeure-(N2,N2-diaethyl-hydrazid)
    —— 4-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-nitroethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol 1463931-57-8 C12H12ClN3O3
    4-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-nitroethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol
    —— 138847-15-1 C5H11N*C44H56O4
    —— 1385126-60-2 C46H44Br2N9O6P3
    —— Bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl] oxalate 1449075-81-3 C18H18O6
    Bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl] oxalate
    —— 5,13,21,29-Tetrabromo-8,16,24,32-tetrahydroxy<2.2.2.2>metacyclophane 125666-13-9 C32H28Br4O4
    5,13,21,29-Tetrabromo-8,16,24,32-tetrahydroxy<2.2.2.2>metacyclophane
    —— 129275-77-0 C20H12HgN2O4S4
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2-diethylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol 1246968-52-4 C14H21ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2-diethylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— (5-hydroxy-benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophen-3-yl)-acetonitrile 60814-11-1 C10H7NOSe
    (5-hydroxy-benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophen-3-yl)-acetonitrile
    —— (E)-5-methoxy-2-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol 1454789-99-1 C15H21NO2
    (E)-5-methoxy-2-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— hexyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate 1400943-42-1 C15H23NO5
    hexyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 6-ethoxycarbonyl-7-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine 1034918-20-1 C17H18N2O3S
    6-ethoxycarbonyl-7-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine
    —— 17,23-di-tert-butyl-26,27,28-trihydroxy-5,17-dimethylcalix<4>arene 175349-01-6 C38H44O3
    17,23-di-tert-butyl-26,27,28-trihydroxy-5,17-dimethylcalix<4>arene
    —— Benzoic acid, 2-(((5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinyl)methyl)amino)- 89752-53-4 C19H16N2O5S2
    Benzoic acid, 2-(((5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinyl)methyl)amino)-
    —— {(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phosphonic acid 85946-86-7 C13H15N2O4P
    {(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}-phosphonic acid
    —— Acetic acid 3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzyl ester 182913-54-8 C9H9NO5
    Acetic acid 3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzyl ester
    —— (R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one 1256696-45-3 C9H10O4
    (R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one
    —— 1-Brom-1-(2,4,6-tribrom-5-hydroxy-3-methyl)-propanon-(2) 91211-36-8 C10H8Br4O2
    1-Brom-1-(2,4,6-tribrom-5-hydroxy-3-methyl)-propanon-(2)
    —— 2-(2-Heptynyl)phenol 139704-02-2 C13H16O
    2-(2-Heptynyl)phenol
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone] 108676-45-5 C12H13N3O3S
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone]
    —— m-cresol-pyridine 40561-66-8 C5H5N*C7H8O
    m-cresol-pyridine
    —— chloro-acetic acid-[5-(2,3-dibromo-propyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide] 860578-03-6 C12H14Br2ClNO3
    chloro-acetic acid-[5-(2,3-dibromo-propyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-anilide]
    —— 7-cyclopentyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>d</i>][1,3]thiazine-4-thione 42037-95-6 C19H23NO2S2
    7-cyclopentyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>d</i>][1,3]thiazine-4-thione
    —— 5-hexyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1174336-16-3 C15H21NO3
    5-hexyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioic acid 97215-68-4 C8H8N2OS2
    2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioic acid
    —— 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butyltellurapyrylium hexafluorophosphate 126877-02-9 C15H25Te*F6P
    4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butyltellurapyrylium hexafluorophosphate