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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-[1-(2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-isothiourea 39192-39-7 C6H3N3O7*C11H16N2S
    Picric acid; compound with 2-[1-(2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-isothiourea
    —— (R)-ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(furan-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoate 1416565-86-0 C18H20O7
    (R)-ethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(furan-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoate
    —— 2-Fluoro-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261918-15-3 C11H9FOS
    2-Fluoro-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— N-[(1S,2S)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine 1329603-08-8 C20H28N2O8
    N-[(1S,2S)-2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)cyclohexanecarboxy]-α-L-fucopyranosylamine
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-48-9 C14H10Br2ClNO2
    3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime
    —— N-phenylethyl-3-nitro-salicylaldimine 88373-81-3 C15H14N2O3
    N-phenylethyl-3-nitro-salicylaldimine
    —— 2-iodo-3,4,5-trimethyl-phenol 1403775-54-1 C9H11IO
    2-iodo-3,4,5-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-ylphenol 1707568-06-6 C10H8N4O2S
    2-Methoxy-4-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-ylphenol
    —— 2-(3-propyl-TBD)-phenol 1380169-76-5 C16H23N3O
    2-(3-propyl-TBD)-phenol
    —— 23393-05-7 C24H31N3O12S
    —— 1390619-74-5 C15H14ClNO2
    —— 1190958-00-9 C17H28O2Si
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-benzylamid 21315-57-1 C16H13NO2
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-benzylamid
    —— 22181-08-4 C26H26N4O6
    —— Methyl-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-sulfonium 46496-44-0 C13H13O2S
    Methyl-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-sulfonium
    —— 4-[N-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 756492-33-8 C18H20N2O3
    4-[N-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1044264-44-9 C27H52O3Si2
    —— 4-(3-phenylpropoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate 1228930-83-3 C18H22O4S
    4-(3-phenylpropoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate
    —— (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-methoxyphenol 1429629-05-9 C10H11N3O2
    (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetic acid tert-butyl ester 295789-69-4 C13H18O3
    (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 5-Nitro-2-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol 133826-87-6 C12H8N2O7S
    5-Nitro-2-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol
    —— 3,5-Bis(1-isopropyl-2-methylpropyl)phenol 406910-34-7 C20H34O
    3,5-Bis(1-isopropyl-2-methylpropyl)phenol
    —— potassium 4-hydroxybenzyl methylphosphonate 144965-62-8 C8H10O4P*K
    potassium 4-hydroxybenzyl methylphosphonate
    —— 2,5-di-methyl-4-[(di-t-butylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-81-4 C23H34OSSi
    2,5-di-methyl-4-[(di-t-butylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylnitrat 2287-31-2 C7H5N3O8
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylnitrat
    —— 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-5-<5-fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on 3967-73-5 C22H21FO6
    2-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-5-<5-fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on
    —— 1,3-(4,9-dimethyltetradeca-1,3,9,11,13-pentaene-5,7-diyne-1,14-diyl)benzene 111220-93-0 C22H18
    1,3-(4,9-dimethyltetradeca-1,3,9,11,13-pentaene-5,7-diyne-1,14-diyl)benzene
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butylnonyl)-phenol 17473-43-7 C19H30N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butylnonyl)-phenol
    —— 153347-41-2 C2H6O*C19H26Cl2N2O2Pd
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile 5808-62-8 C17H12N4O3
    3-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazine 60122-31-8 C18H20N2O4
    bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazine
    —— 2-Cyano-3.4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenol 52911-64-5 C9H8N2O3
    2-Cyano-3.4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate 51052-96-1 C10H12N2O2S2
    methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate
    —— 1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol 67320-61-0 C9H11ClO3
    1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphthalaldehyde 3865-06-3 C9H8O5
    3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphthalaldehyde
    —— 2,6-Bis[[[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]imino]methyl]phenol 115010-23-6 C22H22N4O
    2,6-Bis[[[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]imino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Benzenesulfonyl-1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzene 14677-60-2 C13H10N2O6S
    2-Benzenesulfonyl-1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzene
    —— 2-(2-bromophenylimino)-N-tert-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1263202-35-2 C19H21BrN2O3
    2-(2-bromophenylimino)-N-tert-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-N-[3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-n-propyl]-β-phenethylamine hydrochloride 51062-21-6 C17H21NO3*ClH
    3,4-dihydroxy-N-[3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-n-propyl]-β-phenethylamine hydrochloride
    —— Chromate(1-), bis(2,4-dinitro-6-((2-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenyl)azo)phenolato(2-))-, sodium 125378-90-7 C44H28CrN10NaO10-
    Chromate(1-), bis(2,4-dinitro-6-((2-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenyl)azo)phenolato(2-))-, sodium
    —— 1404575-83-2 C13H18O4
    —— 2,4-Diamyl-6-nitrophenol 25017-96-3 C16H25NO3
    2,4-Diamyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-N-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thienylamin 21817-53-8 C10H7N3O5S
    3,5-Dinitro-N-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thienylamin
    —— 4-mercapto-2,6-dinitro-phenol 98141-71-0 C6H4N2O5S
    4-mercapto-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 1-Allyl-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid 19152-29-5 C11H12ClN3OS
    1-Allyl-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid
    —— Acetic acid--2-methoxyphenol (1/1) 15212-03-0 C9H12O4
    Acetic acid--2-methoxyphenol (1/1)
    —— Ni(cyclam)(3,5-dihydroxybenzoate)2 426256-24-8 C24H34N4NiO8
    Ni(cyclam)(3,5-dihydroxybenzoate)2
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)thiourea 1072802-02-8 C16H16N4O2S
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)thiourea
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazole-3-carboxylic acid 134952-39-9 C9H5N3O5Se
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazole-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)methansulfonsaeuremorpholid 14968-07-1 C13H19NO4S
    (2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)methansulfonsaeuremorpholid