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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(2-pyridyl)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol 131194-75-7 C15H17NO2
    1-(2-pyridyl)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol
    —— 2-(1-iminoethyl)-5-nitrophenol 1247949-36-5 C8H8N2O3
    2-(1-iminoethyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-ethanone oxime 31577-81-8 C9H11NO3
    1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-ethanone oxime
    —— 2,2'6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-(piperidine-4,4-diyl)bis(phenol) 157108-73-1 C21H27NO6
    2,2'6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-(piperidine-4,4-diyl)bis(phenol)
    —— 1,2-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)phenylenediamine 85573-10-0 C14H14N2O2
    1,2-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)phenylenediamine
    —— 4,4'-[trans-1,4-cyclohexanediylbis(methylene)]bisphenol 150801-46-0 C20H24O2
    4,4'-[trans-1,4-cyclohexanediylbis(methylene)]bisphenol
    —— 4,5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-benzyl>-imidazol 108668-00-4 C17H16N2O2
    4,5-Bis-<4-hydroxy-benzyl>-imidazol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-propyl-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one 53995-33-8 C12H14N2O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-propyl-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one
    —— 1007559-15-0 C18H20N2O5S
    —— 4-(4-Bromo-5-ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 916155-02-7 C13H17BrO2
    4-(4-Bromo-5-ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-iodo-5-methyl-4-nitroso-phenol 861620-00-0 C7H6INO2
    2-iodo-5-methyl-4-nitroso-phenol
    —— butan-2-one O-((3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl) oxime 34207-28-8 C11H14N2O3
    butan-2-one O-((3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl) oxime
    —— (<i>R</i>)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol 2380-74-7 C11H17NO3
    (<i>R</i>)-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 1,4-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-butanol 125715-23-3 C18H20N2O3
    1,4-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-butanol
    —— 2-Cyclopentyl-benzene-1,3-diol 21713-02-0 C11H14O2
    2-Cyclopentyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-phenyl)-propionic acid hydrazide 1238618-05-7 C9H11IN2O2
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-phenyl)-propionic acid hydrazide
    —— (2-Diethylamino-ethyl)-<4-(2-diethylamino-ethoxy)-phenethyl>-ether 100732-54-5 C20H36N2O2
    (2-Diethylamino-ethyl)-<4-(2-diethylamino-ethoxy)-phenethyl>-ether
    —— 2-(4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethanol 1334930-83-4 C15H14Cl2O2
    2-(4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethanol
    —— 1-(3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-11-hydroxy-undec-9Z-en-1-yne 132705-06-7 C19H26O4
    1-(3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-11-hydroxy-undec-9Z-en-1-yne
    —— 2-Amino-3-fluorophenol hydrochloride 1951440-99-5 C6H7ClFNO
    2-Amino-3-fluorophenol hydrochloride
    —— 114440-70-9 C34H41N5O2Zn
    —— quinuclidine-2-carboxylic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 131869-13-1 C16H21N3O3
    quinuclidine-2-carboxylic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— (2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde)dithiocarbazate 1313482-26-6 C15H14N2O2S2
    (2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde)dithiocarbazate
    —— N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)salicylhydrazide 41377-55-3 C14H11N3O5
    N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)salicylhydrazide
    —— (3aS,4S,7aS)-4-[2-(5-Hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-inden-1-one 138548-83-1 C21H30O2
    (3aS,4S,7aS)-4-[2-(5-Hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-inden-1-one
    —— 2-Bromo-4-[(4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 1354789-39-1 C14H12BrNO
    2-Bromo-4-[(4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide 1361026-88-1 C11H15N3O2S
    (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— diethyl (E)-2-(but-2-ynyl)-2-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl)malonate 1233027-48-9 C22H28O5
    diethyl (E)-2-(but-2-ynyl)-2-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl)malonate
    —— 4-chloro-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol 36365-07-8 C11H11ClN2O2
    4-chloro-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol
    —— 1,2-Bis-<(3-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazinothiocarbonylamino>-ethan 20158-38-7 C18H20N6O2S2
    1,2-Bis-<(3-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazinothiocarbonylamino>-ethan
    —— (2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid 93021-18-2 C16H14N4O5
    (2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenylazo)-acetoacetanilid
    —— 4-(5-Nonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 118808-20-1 C17H24N2OS
    4-(5-Nonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 143049-34-7 C76H112O10
    —— (2S,4R)-4-acetoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile 403996-34-9 C18H25NO3
    (2S,4R)-4-acetoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile
    —— Acetic acid 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyl ester 57404-56-5 C10H11BrO4
    Acetic acid 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyl ester
    —— 3-(pentadec-8-ynyl)catechol 53545-43-0 C21H32O2
    3-(pentadec-8-ynyl)catechol
    —— phenyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate 1400943-45-4 C15H15NO5
    phenyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol 927894-93-7 C25H26N2O2
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[[1-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylthio)propyl]imino]methyl]phenol 304650-04-2 C12H17NO2S
    2-[[[1-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylthio)propyl]imino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran 129574-09-0 C14H20O3
    2-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 4-Bromo-2-{[(E)-2-(3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 101221-10-7 C13H14BrN3OS
    4-Bromo-2-{[(E)-2-(3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 104626-30-4 C15H26N4NiO
    —— 6-(1-aminopropyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one 625122-09-0 C12H14N4O2
    6-(1-aminopropyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)-5-nitrophenol 1382679-82-4 C15H14N2O4
    2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)phenol 93472-62-9 C9H9NO2*ClH
    4-(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)phenol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetonitrile; hydrochloride 93554-93-9 C12H14N2O*ClH
    (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetonitrile; hydrochloride
    —— 4-amino-3-bromo-5-methoxyphenol 1470111-17-1 C7H8BrNO2
    4-amino-3-bromo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol 25594-09-6 C11H14O
    5-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— [2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-urea 103274-28-8 C10H11N3O3S
    [2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-urea
    —— 2-[6-methyl-1-(thiethane-3-yl)uracil-3-yl]acetic acid (5-bromo2hydroxyphenyl)methylidene hydrazide 1630952-95-2 C17H17BrN4O4S
    2-[6-methyl-1-(thiethane-3-yl)uracil-3-yl]acetic acid (5-bromo2hydroxyphenyl)methylidene hydrazide