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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1414651-80-1 C34H50O10
    —— 2,20:3,19-dimetheno-1H,21H,23H,25H-bis<1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:5',4'-i'>benzo<1,2-d:5,4-d'>bis<1,3>benzodioxocin, 7,11,15,28-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,21,23,25-tetrapentyl 168849-83-0 C76H80O12
    2,20:3,19-dimetheno-1H,21H,23H,25H-bis<1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:5',4'-i'>benzo<1,2-d:5,4-d'>bis<1,3>benzodioxocin, 7,11,15,28-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,21,23,25-tetrapentyl
    —— Ethyl 2-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate 105997-77-1 C11H15NO4
    Ethyl 2-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 1453085-13-6 C12H13N5O3
    —— 4-(Vanillyliden-hydrazono)-4-phenyl-crotonsaeure-vanillylidenhydrazid 101982-81-4 C26H24N4O5
    4-(Vanillyliden-hydrazono)-4-phenyl-crotonsaeure-vanillylidenhydrazid
    —— Fomecin A-Anil; 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-benzaldehydanil 92200-29-8 C14H13NO4
    Fomecin A-Anil; 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-benzaldehydanil
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide 852951-44-1 C10H13NO3
    2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-piperazinium; dipicrate 112745-30-9 C6H2N3O7*C6H3N3O7*C8H19N2O
    4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-piperazinium; dipicrate
    —— (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furazan-3-yl)methanol 862608-07-9 C9H8N2O3
    (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furazan-3-yl)methanol
    —— [Cu(acetate)(4-hydroxy-2-[[2-(2-hydroxyetino)ethylimino]methyl]phenol(-1H))] 1338696-81-3 C13H18CuN2O5
    [Cu(acetate)(4-hydroxy-2-[[2-(2-hydroxyetino)ethylimino]methyl]phenol(-1H))]
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin 92288-12-5 C11H11NO2
    3-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin
    —— 6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol 113524-15-5 C13H21Cl2N2O5P
    6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— [Pd(2-pyridinin-phenyl)(2-(diphenylphosphinoimino)pyridine)] 827019-93-2 C28H22N3PPd
    [Pd(2-pyridinin-phenyl)(2-(diphenylphosphinoimino)pyridine)]
    —— 138847-14-0 C6H13N*C44H56O4
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-4-nitrosophenol 83498-64-0 C10H13NO2
    3,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-4-nitrosophenol
    —— 6-(2'-Hydroxy-3'methoxy-benzylidenamino)-uracil 62879-04-3 C12H11N3O4
    6-(2'-Hydroxy-3'methoxy-benzylidenamino)-uracil
    —— vanillin-(2-iodo-4-nitro-phenylhydrazone) 107921-88-0 C14H12IN3O4
    vanillin-(2-iodo-4-nitro-phenylhydrazone)
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenethyl acetate 118172-65-9 C10H11NO5
    4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenethyl acetate
    —— N-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-chlorobenzamide 1235837-20-3 C14H9BrClN3O4
    N-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-chlorobenzamide
    —— 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methyl-N-ethylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230388-78-9 C26H41NO2Si
    2,6-di-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methyl-N-ethylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 2-{[1-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol 77491-05-5 C16H17NO
    2-{[1-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methylsalicylaldehydeimine)ethylenediamine 89130-15-4 C18H20N2O2
    N,N'-bis(4-methylsalicylaldehydeimine)ethylenediamine
    —— 4-chloro-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol 1413932-76-9 C15H15ClO2
    4-chloro-2-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 6-(4-allyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 56872-12-9 C13H14N2O2
    6-(4-allyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzonitrile 106684-92-8 C13H14ClNO4
    2-(2-acetoxy-3-chloro)propyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzonitrile
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{1-[(E)-m-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 106327-04-2 C15H14ClNO
    4-Chloro-2-{1-[(E)-m-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— Bi(<sup>t</sup>BuC<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>) 1184927-19-2 C55H67BiO5
    Bi(<sup>t</sup>BuC<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>)
    —— (+/-)-2-[7-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methyl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methoxyphenol 1196203-46-9 C19H17BrN4O2
    (+/-)-2-[7-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methyl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methoxyphenol
    —— (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,17a<i>t</i>)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,17a-hexadecahydro-cyclohexadecoxazole; picrate 121622-64-8 C6H3N3O7*C23H35NO
    (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,17a<i>t</i>)-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,17a-hexadecahydro-cyclohexadecoxazole; picrate
    —— dodecyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate 1400943-40-9 C21H35NO5
    dodecyl-N-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— (disulfido)carbamimidic acid 4-hydroxy-phenyl ester 46124-79-2 C7H8N2OS2
    (disulfido)carbamimidic acid 4-hydroxy-phenyl ester
    —— 2-iodo-4-octylphenol 1220974-10-6 C14H21IO
    2-iodo-4-octylphenol
    —— 2-{N-[3-(allyloxy)phenyl]iminomethyl}-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol 1400812-02-3 C21H25NO3
    2-{N-[3-(allyloxy)phenyl]iminomethyl}-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-N-propyl-(2-methoxyphenoxy)acetamide 124211-28-5 C20H25NO5
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-N-propyl-(2-methoxyphenoxy)acetamide
    —— O-isobutyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)thiocarbamate 1337925-19-5 C11H15NO2S
    O-isobutyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)thiocarbamate
    —— (2-Chlor-3,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-essigsaeure 90919-53-2 C10H11ClO4
    (2-Chlor-3,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-essigsaeure
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxamide 1216852-10-6 C13H17NO2S2
    N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxamide
    —— (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid N-(2-thiazolyl)amide 1097632-55-7 C12H12N2O3S
    (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid N-(2-thiazolyl)amide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(4-trifluoromethylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478401-18-2 C22H24F3NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(4-trifluoromethylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— <9>(2,4)Phloroglucinophan 83436-42-4 C15H22O3
    <9>(2,4)Phloroglucinophan
    —— 3,4-Dideuterophenol 60468-34-0 C6H6O
    3,4-Dideuterophenol
    —— Acetic acid 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-propyl ester 135878-11-4 C18H30O5Si
    Acetic acid 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-propyl ester
    —— (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethylsilanyloxy-acetonitrile 93555-02-3 C11H15NO2Si
    (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethylsilanyloxy-acetonitrile
    —— 2,6-Bis-dodecylmercapto-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol 96470-78-9 C30H54O2S2
    2,6-Bis-dodecylmercapto-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde-(4-bromo-2,6-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) 108949-84-4 C13H9BrN4O6
    3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde-(4-bromo-2,6-dinitro-phenylhydrazone)
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-5-(4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 1225196-45-1 C16H17N5O2S2
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-5-(4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol
    —— 5-methyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone] 108039-52-7 C13H15N3O3S
    5-methyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylLiDenehydrazone]
    —— 3-(5-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 19345-78-9 C14H20O4
    3-(5-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 3-bromo-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol 808750-24-5 C10H13BrO4
    3-bromo-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— N-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-N-[5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pentyl]-3,5-dihydroxyaniline 944278-05-1 C24H41N3O6
    N-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-N-[5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pentyl]-3,5-dihydroxyaniline