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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1394170-57-0 C25H30O3Si
    4-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-Amino-3-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea 1421633-75-1 C9H9N5O3
    1-Amino-3-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea
    —— [5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea 1421633-64-8 C9H8N4O3
    [5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea
    —— 4-(6-Methyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocan-2-yl)phenol 1420860-89-4 C11H16BNO3
    4-(6-Methyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 1418006-02-6 C13H21NO5
    3-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]disulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-32-8 C32H46O10S4
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]disulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]tetrasulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-34-0 C32H46O10S6
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]tetrasulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]trisulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-33-9 C32H46O10S5
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]trisulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)phenol 1416005-48-5 C18H18O3
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylsulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1415582-12-5 C13H13NO4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylsulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]carbamate 1415582-57-8 C23H33N5O4S
    tert-butyl N-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]carbamate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-prop-2-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-48-7 C13H10N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-prop-2-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-but-3-ynylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-49-8 C14H12N2O2S
    (5Z)-2-but-3-ynylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-azidopropylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-47-6 C13H13N5O2S
    (5Z)-2-(3-azidopropylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pent-4-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-50-1 C15H14N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pent-4-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)phenol 1416005-51-0 C17H16O2
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-2-(2-azidoethylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-46-5 C12H11N5O2S
    (5Z)-2-(2-azidoethylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid 1414781-35-3 C6H12N2*C7H7NOS2
    1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-[[3-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol 1417711-42-2 C18H20F2N2O2
    4-Fluoro-2-[[3-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol 1417711-40-0 C20H26N2O2
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-78-9 C16H16N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-63-2 C15H13ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-67-6 C15H13BrN2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-65-4 C15H12Cl2N2O3
    N-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-64-3 C15H13ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol 1417711-46-6 C22H28Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol 1417711-43-3 C18H20Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,2'-[1,3-Diazinane-1,3-diylbis(methylene)]bis(4-bromophenol) 1376003-69-8 C18H20Br2N2O2
    2,2'-[1,3-Diazinane-1,3-diylbis(methylene)]bis(4-bromophenol)
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-5-methylphenol 1417711-45-5 C20H24Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-61-0 C15H13FN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-74-5 C16H16N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 1418021-10-9 C23H27NO7
    3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-81-4 C16H16N2O4
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(2-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-62-1 C15H13FN2O3
    N-[(E)-(2-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-66-5 C15H13BrN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-69-8 C15H13N3O5
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-76-7 C16H16N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propyl]acetamide 1416971-89-5 C28H40N2O9
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propyl]acetamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[4-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]butyl]acetamide 1416971-87-3 C22H28N2O6
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[4-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]butyl]acetamide
    —— (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 402509-82-4 C21H22N2O6
    (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-(cyclopentylamino)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]-N-[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 1421367-55-6 C26H36N6O4
    4-(cyclopentylamino)-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]-N-[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 10-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-5-thia-2,7,11,13-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(13),3,6-triene-8,12-dione 1423875-31-3 C15H11N5O6S
    10-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-5-thia-2,7,11,13-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(13),3,6-triene-8,12-dione
    —— 10-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-12-sulfanylidene-5-thia-2,7,11,13-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(13),3,6-trien-8-one 1423875-45-9 C15H11N5O5S2
    10-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-12-sulfanylidene-5-thia-2,7,11,13-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(13),3,6-trien-8-one
    —— Ethyl 6-[2-(5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanylpyridine-3-carboxylate 1417792-45-0 C17H17ClN2O5S
    Ethyl 6-[2-(5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxyanilino)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanylpyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-(6-Fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol 1426262-70-5 C13H7FN2O3S
    5-(6-Fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1422364-13-3 C18H16O4
    (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[N'-[2-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamimidoyl]carbamate 1426298-32-9 C19H28FN3O5
    tert-butyl N-[N'-[2-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamimidoyl]carbamate
    —— 2-(hept-1-ynyl)-4-nitrophenol 1423719-08-7 C13H15NO3
    2-(hept-1-ynyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— Isoproterenol esylate 7492-28-6 C13H23NO6S
    Isoproterenol esylate
    —— 3-((8Z,11E,13Z)-pentadeca-8,11,13-trien-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 83532-40-5 C21H30O2
    3-((8Z,11E,13Z)-pentadeca-8,11,13-trien-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol