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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Benzenepropanal, 2-(difluoromethyl)-4-hydroxy- 1261750-53-1 C10H10F2O2
    Benzenepropanal, 2-(difluoromethyl)-4-hydroxy-
    —— 1-(5-Nitrosalicyliden)-4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazon 41377-33-7 C16H16N4O4S
    1-(5-Nitrosalicyliden)-4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-8,8a-dihydro-3H-1,2-benzodioxin-7-one 1332302-64-3 C14H12O5
    3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-8,8a-dihydro-3H-1,2-benzodioxin-7-one
    —— 42,43,44-Trihydroxy-1,4,12,15,18,26,31,39-octazapentacyclo[13.13.13.16,10.120,24.133,37]tetratetraconta-6(44),7,9,20,22,24(43),33(42),34,36-nonaene-5,11,19,25,32,38-hexone 772325-67-4 C36H42N8O9
    42,43,44-Trihydroxy-1,4,12,15,18,26,31,39-octazapentacyclo[13.13.13.16,10.120,24.133,37]tetratetraconta-6(44),7,9,20,22,24(43),33(42),34,36-nonaene-5,11,19,25,32,38-hexone
    —— N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide 345647-97-4 C14H16N4O2
    N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— N-(2-{2-[2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl}-ethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide 38726-47-5 C21H23BrF3NO5
    N-(2-{2-[2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl}-ethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide
    —— 2-amino-3,6-dibromo-4,5-dimethyl-phenol 854663-53-9 C8H9Br2NO
    2-amino-3,6-dibromo-4,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 6-(3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one 1304095-53-1 C17H15N3O2
    6-(3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— 2-Cyclohexyl-6-nitrophenol 39206-14-9 C12H15NO3
    2-Cyclohexyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— Benzene-1,4-dicarbothioic acid bis-S-(3-amino-2,4,6-trinitro-phenyl) ester 42546-77-0 C20H10N8O14S2
    Benzene-1,4-dicarbothioic acid bis-S-(3-amino-2,4,6-trinitro-phenyl) ester
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-<1,3,5>oxadiazin-2-on 14615-81-7 C16H12N2O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-<1,3,5>oxadiazin-2-on
    —— trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrol-ω-sulfonsaeure 22347-86-0 C9H10O5S
    trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrol-ω-sulfonsaeure
    —— 6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-68-8 C13H13BrN4O3
    6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— 2-[[Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 1442651-32-2 C20H21N3O2
    2-[[Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-methyl-phenol 129103-68-0 C8H9BrO2
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-<(3-Ethylthiopropyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol 37708-37-5 C13H20OS2
    4-<(3-Ethylthiopropyl)thio>-3,5-xylolol
    —— 6-Chloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-3,4-dimethyl-phenol 85128-44-5 C13H13ClN2O
    6-Chloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-vinyl)-3,4-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 1622386-22-4 C18H18N4O8
    —— N-(4-{[1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-phenyl)-acetamide 124314-60-9 C16H15BrN2O3
    N-(4-{[1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide 1456816-69-5 C16H22N2O3Se2
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octabromo-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octahydroxycalix[8]arene 501953-52-2 C56H40Br8O8
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octabromo-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octahydroxycalix[8]arene
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-heptan-1-one oxime 143286-58-2 C14H21NO3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-heptan-1-one oxime
    —— Azepane-1-carbothioic acid S-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl) ester 35581-39-6 C17H25NO2S
    Azepane-1-carbothioic acid S-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzyl) ester
    —— 2-[2-(4-Phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]acetic acid 86902-14-9 C17H18O4
    2-[2-(4-Phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]acetic acid
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol 19743-14-7 C15H9Br2NO2
    2,4-dibromo-6-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(1-Aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride 17087-49-9 C8H12ClNO
    2-(1-Aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— N-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl)-acrylamide 13579-27-6 C11H12ClNO2
    N-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl)-acrylamide
    —— 5-(2-butenyl)-2,3-dichlorohydroquinone 74785-24-3 C10H10Cl2O2
    5-(2-butenyl)-2,3-dichlorohydroquinone
    —— 2-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy-methyl)-pyridin 23877-72-7 C12H11NO2
    2-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy-methyl)-pyridin
    —— 1443115-04-5 C21H17N5O3
    —— 1312011-74-7 C30H31Cl2N7O3
    —— 51084-63-0 C13H15Br2N3O3S
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione 41498-01-5 C12H6Cl2O3
    4,5-Dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione
    —— 6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 106419-33-4 C17H25NO7
    6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 3,5-diethyl-4-nitrosophenol 103028-90-6 C10H13NO2
    3,5-diethyl-4-nitrosophenol
    —— (R)-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-((R)-1-methyl-butoxy)-acetonitrile 133412-41-6 C13H17NO2
    (R)-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-((R)-1-methyl-butoxy)-acetonitrile
    —— (2S,4aR,8R,8aR)-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,7-trimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-8-ol 1292847-79-0 C18H24O5
    (2S,4aR,8R,8aR)-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,7-trimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-8-ol
    —— p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene - triethylamine 1:1 adduct 136760-77-5 C6H15N*C88H112O8
    p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene - triethylamine 1:1 adduct
    —— Dihydroxy-μ-truxinsaeure-dimethylester 146236-22-8 C20H20O6
    Dihydroxy-μ-truxinsaeure-dimethylester
    —— 133465-86-8 C17H16N4O2S
    —— 4-Allylsulfanyl-2-methoxy-phenol 5656-47-3 C10H12O2S
    4-Allylsulfanyl-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-4-methylbenzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine 1380074-96-3 C24H21N3O4S
    N<sup>1</sup>-4-methylbenzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine
    —— α-(1-Methyl-propyl)-malonsaeure-di-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid 26878-75-1 C23H28N4O6
    α-(1-Methyl-propyl)-malonsaeure-di-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid
    —— 6-[4-(1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylidene)-aminophenyl]-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)one 128995-93-7 C24H19Cl2N3O3
    6-[4-(1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylidene)-aminophenyl]-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)one
    —— 4-[2-Ethyl-but-(Z)-ylideneamino]-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 2913-78-2 C14H21NO
    4-[2-Ethyl-but-(Z)-ylideneamino]-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 1,3-<(1E,3Z,9Z,11E)-4,9-dimethyldodeca-1,3,9,11-tetraene-5,7-diyne-1,12-diyl>benzene 99367-15-4 C20H16
    1,3-<(1E,3Z,9Z,11E)-4,9-dimethyldodeca-1,3,9,11-tetraene-5,7-diyne-1,12-diyl>benzene
    —— 35998-83-5 C13H10N2O4
    —— 4-[3-[3-[3-[3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propylsulfanyl]propyldisulfanyl]propylsulfanyl]propyl]-2-methoxyphenol 623947-88-6 C26H38O4S4
    4-[3-[3-[3-[3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propylsulfanyl]propyldisulfanyl]propylsulfanyl]propyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-N,N,4,5-tetramethyl-3-nitrobenzamide 731843-27-9 C11H14N2O4
    2-hydroxy-N,N,4,5-tetramethyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-4-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene 365548-64-7 C11H10O2S
    1,3-dihydroxy-4-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene