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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,5-Dichloro-N-(2-dimethylamino-butyl)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-benzamide; hydrochloride 102805-79-8 C14H20Cl2N2O3*ClH
    3,5-Dichloro-N-(2-dimethylamino-butyl)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-benzamide; hydrochloride
    —— (R)-6,6'-((1E,1'E)-((1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3,5-dibromo-2-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)phenol) 1582779-19-8 C36H36Br4N4O2
    (R)-6,6'-((1E,1'E)-((1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3,5-dibromo-2-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)phenol)
    —— 123426-11-9 C21H21N3NiO6
    —— 4-{1-[(2-pyridine-2-yl)hydrazono]ethyl}benzene-1,3-diol 1125749-44-1 C13H13N3O2
    4-{1-[(2-pyridine-2-yl)hydrazono]ethyl}benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid 860753-18-0 C7H8AsNO6
    (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzaldehyde 1228581-88-1 C10H12O5
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzaldehyde
    —— 5-methoxy-4'-chloro-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1612885-06-9 C17H17ClN2O5
    5-methoxy-4'-chloro-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— 4-<3-Methyl-pentyl>-o-kresol 882-25-7 C13H20O
    4-<3-Methyl-pentyl>-o-kresol
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptafluoroisopropylphenol 353273-07-1 C11H9F7O
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptafluoroisopropylphenol
    —— o-hydroxybenzylidene-2-amino-5-methyl-thiadiazole 72192-69-9 C10H9N3OS
    o-hydroxybenzylidene-2-amino-5-methyl-thiadiazole
    —— 2-(((2-(ethylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1256377-12-4 C17H21N3O3S
    2-(((2-(ethylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— N-Chloracetyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin 19161-59-2 C9H8Cl2N2O2
    N-Chloracetyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— homovanillyl 5-methylhexanoate 951221-80-0 C16H24O4
    homovanillyl 5-methylhexanoate
    —— 21352-70-5 C23H20Hg2N4O8S2
    —— 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde (5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone 330564-32-4 C16H13N5O3
    2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde (5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(1-chlor-2-brom-propyl)-benzol 92367-44-7 C10H12BrClO2
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(1-chlor-2-brom-propyl)-benzol
    —— 5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2-[(Z)-5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one 23233-47-8 C19H14N4O2S2
    5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2-[(Z)-5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethylene glycol 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl ether 39169-63-6 C18H30O3
    ethylene glycol 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl ether
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[6-methyl-3-(1-phenylbutylamino)-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl]phenol 854073-75-9 C21H24N4O2
    2-Methoxy-4-[6-methyl-3-(1-phenylbutylamino)-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl]phenol
    —— 5-cyclohexylamino-2-methyl-phenol 437702-31-3 C13H19NO
    5-cyclohexylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-α-(4-methyl-2-methoxyphenoxymethyl)-benzylalkohol 26593-70-4 C17H20O5
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-α-(4-methyl-2-methoxyphenoxymethyl)-benzylalkohol
    —— 132038-47-2 C6H3N3O7*C14H20O5
    —— [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4,5-dihydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid 1245939-36-9 C11H15N2O9P
    [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4,5-dihydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid
    —— β-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionsaeure-ethylester 20921-08-8 C12H16O3
    β-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionsaeure-ethylester
    —— 3-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone oxime 444177-50-8 C15H18BrN3O2
    3-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-propanone oxime
    —— 5-methyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)isoxazole 82587-53-9 C15H14N2O3S
    5-methyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)isoxazole
    —— 2-Chlor-4-<2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-thiazol 90799-65-8 C10H8ClNO2S
    2-Chlor-4-<2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-thiazol
    —— 2-Benzenesulfonyl-5-chloro-4-methyl-1,3-dinitro-benzene 14677-46-4 C13H9ClN2O6S
    2-Benzenesulfonyl-5-chloro-4-methyl-1,3-dinitro-benzene
    —— 14,17-Dihydroxy-3,3,10,10-tetraoxo-3λ6,10λ6-dithia-tricyclo[10.3.2.25,8]nonadeca-1(15),5(19),6,8(18),12(17),13-hexaen-16-one 82478-07-7 C17H16O7S2
    14,17-Dihydroxy-3,3,10,10-tetraoxo-3λ6,10λ6-dithia-tricyclo[10.3.2.25,8]nonadeca-1(15),5(19),6,8(18),12(17),13-hexaen-16-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzothioamide 16148-86-0 C9H11NOS
    2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzothioamide
    —— N-<1-(o-Hydroxy-phenyl)-aethyliden>-isopentylamin 28633-24-1 C13H19NO
    N-<1-(o-Hydroxy-phenyl)-aethyliden>-isopentylamin
    —— 2-methoxy-6-chloro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol 917828-12-7 C12H16ClNO2
    2-methoxy-6-chloro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-2-nitrophenol 17258-54-7 C11H13NO3
    4-(3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-1-((14)C)formyl-benzol 19512-36-8 C8H8O3
    2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-1-((14)C)formyl-benzol
    —— Phenol, 2-(((2-anilino-5-nitrophenyl)imino)methyl)-6-nitro- 55720-16-6 C19H14N4O5
    Phenol, 2-(((2-anilino-5-nitrophenyl)imino)methyl)-6-nitro-
    —— 3-(Hydroxyamino)-1,2-dihydro-4H-inden-4-one 73045-35-9 C9H9NO2
    3-(Hydroxyamino)-1,2-dihydro-4H-inden-4-one
    —— 2-cyano-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hepta-2E,4E,6E-trienoic acid benzyl-amide 878795-80-3 C21H18N2O3
    2-cyano-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hepta-2E,4E,6E-trienoic acid benzyl-amide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[3-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-propyl]-6-methyl-phenol 110723-70-1 C16H16Cl2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[3-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-propyl]-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 6-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-morpholinyl)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol 187987-85-5 C19H21NO6
    6-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-morpholinyl)methyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol
    —— 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone 358374-45-5 C11H12O4
    5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone
    —— 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 163392-73-2 C24H21N3O4
    2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 2-((2-iodophenyl)amino)-5-methylphenol 1629168-56-4 C13H12INO
    2-((2-iodophenyl)amino)-5-methylphenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)thiourea 1072802-01-7 C16H16N4O2S
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)thiourea
    —— 3-benzyloxy-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 114006-78-9 C15H14O6
    3-benzyloxy-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
    —— Vanillin-<N,N-bis-(2-chlor-aethyl)-hydrazon> 7606-02-2 C12H16Cl2N2O2
    Vanillin-<N,N-bis-(2-chlor-aethyl)-hydrazon>
    —— N-benzyl-N-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 898562-41-9 C18H21NO2
    N-benzyl-N-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— methyl-2-([2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)methylidynenitrilo]ethyl)amino-1-cyclopentenedithiocarboxylate 1234511-12-6 C17H22N2O2S2
    methyl-2-([2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)methylidynenitrilo]ethyl)amino-1-cyclopentenedithiocarboxylate
    —— 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide 300826-46-4 C16H15BrN2O4
    2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-allyl-thiosemicarbazon 18965-09-8 C16H23N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-allyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon 19081-58-4 C14H21N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon