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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,4,6-Tris-<dimethylaminomethyl>-brenzcatechin 964-24-9 C15H27N3O2
    3,4,6-Tris-<dimethylaminomethyl>-brenzcatechin
    —— (μ-oxalato)di[perchlorato(1-benzyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane)copper(II)] 951033-04-8 C32H50Cl2Cu2N6O12
    (μ-oxalato)di[perchlorato(1-benzyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane)copper(II)]
    —— 1569090-80-7 C12H11N3O
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylchlorid 77691-32-8 C7H5ClN2O5
    4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylchlorid
    —— 2-((1-(1-adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)-imino-methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1313594-90-9 C20H27NO2
    2-((1-(1-adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)-imino-methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-thiosemicarbazide 16434-24-5 C15H14ClN3O2S
    4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-thiosemicarbazide
    —— 4,4',4''-(nitrilotris(methylene))tris(2-methoxyphenol) 1372608-33-7 C24H27NO6
    4,4',4''-(nitrilotris(methylene))tris(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol 498577-19-8 C12H17NO2
    2-methoxy-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(hydrazonomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1527-84-0 C8H10N2O2
    4-(hydrazonomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol) 1089332-89-7 C13H18O5
    (4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 2-cinnamyl-3,5-dimethylphenol 93651-50-4 C17H18O
    2-cinnamyl-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-((pyridine-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 74734-31-9 C13H12N2O2
    2-methoxy-4-((pyridine-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2-methyl-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]phenol 1616722-77-0 C26H22N2O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2-methyl-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(((1-(adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4-bromophenol 201992-21-4 C19H24BrNO
    2-(((1-(adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 2-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole-2-yl)phenol 1421593-25-0 C16H15NO2
    2-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole-2-yl)phenol
    —— Et4N [nickel(II) bis(2-mercapto-3-trimethylsilylphenyl)sulfide N3] 472958-20-6 C8H20N*C18H24N3NiS3Si2
    Et4N [nickel(II) bis(2-mercapto-3-trimethylsilylphenyl)sulfide N3]
    —— 4-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 3382-70-5 C14H12BrNO2
    4-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— [Ag(saccharate)(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine)] 911321-27-2 C15H16AgN3O4S
    [Ag(saccharate)(2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine)]
    —— 4-((2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 56929-45-4 C9H10N6O2
    4-((2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanone O-methyl-oxime 193741-71-8 C11H12N2O4
    (5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanone O-methyl-oxime
    —— N-[[2-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)phenyl]methylidene]hydroxylamine 1313208-32-0 C11H13NOS2
    N-[[2-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)phenyl]methylidene]hydroxylamine
    —— 2-((1-(1-adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)iminomethyl)-4-chlorophenol 1638417-14-7 C19H24ClNO
    2-((1-(1-adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)iminomethyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— adamantyl-N-(ethyl)-(5-chlorosalicylidene)aniline 391219-37-7 C19H24ClNO
    adamantyl-N-(ethyl)-(5-chlorosalicylidene)aniline
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono]-5-chloroindolin-2-one 1393098-90-2 C16H12ClN3O3
    3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono]-5-chloroindolin-2-one
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)acetonitrile 223136-13-8 C15H14N2O2
    (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (-)-capsaicinol 137493-35-7 C18H27NO4
    (-)-capsaicinol
    —— p-Nitrophenol-triethylamine 15852-96-7 C6H5NO3*C6H15N
    p-Nitrophenol-triethylamine
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylisoxazoline 18732-46-2 C15H13NO2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylisoxazoline
    —— 4-Dimethylaminomethyl-pyrogallol 942-55-2 C9H13NO3
    4-Dimethylaminomethyl-pyrogallol
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-thiosemicarbazide 94794-28-2 C8H8BrN3OS
    1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-thiosemicarbazide
    —— 5-bromo-4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-3-ol 1616763-28-0 C20H13BrN4O
    5-bromo-4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-3-ol
    —— (2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenyl)-acetic acid 3583-18-4 C8H6I2O3
    (2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with triethylamine 20399-10-4 C6H4N2O5*C6H15N
    2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with triethylamine
    —— tert-butyl 4-[3-bromo-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-methoxyphenyl]-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 850795-32-3 C23H35BrN2O5Si
    tert-butyl 4-[3-bromo-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-methoxyphenyl]-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide 463329-99-9 C16H16N2O3
    N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide
    —— p-Chlorphenol-triethylamin-Komplex 22300-97-6 C6H5ClO*C6H15N
    p-Chlorphenol-triethylamin-Komplex
    —— 1-((thioureidoimino)methyl)-3,5-dihydroxybenzene 857017-59-5 C8H9N3O2S
    1-((thioureidoimino)methyl)-3,5-dihydroxybenzene
    —— S-benzyl β-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate 26158-45-2 C15H14N2OS2
    S-benzyl β-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    —— 4-[(2-amino-4-{[(3S)-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}hexan-3-yl]amino}-6-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-methoxyphenol 1376514-63-4 C25H42N4O3Si
    4-[(2-amino-4-{[(3S)-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}hexan-3-yl]amino}-6-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-{N'-[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazino}-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-5-yl)-acetic acid 22067-71-6 C12H11N3O4S
    (2-{N'-[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazino}-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-5-yl)-acetic acid
    —— Pentachlorphenol-Triethylamin-Komplex 6829-43-2 C6HCl5O*C6H15N
    Pentachlorphenol-Triethylamin-Komplex
    —— N′-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridincarbohydrazide 118587-38-5 C14H13N3O3
    N′-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridincarbohydrazide
    —— {2-[(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl}acetic acid 21938-64-7 C12H11N3O4S
    {2-[(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl}acetic acid
    —— N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyanamide 859084-52-9 C7H6N2O
    N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyanamide
    —— 4-isocyanophenol 162471-15-0 C7H5NO
    4-isocyanophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine 73394-80-6 C22H20N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 2-(((1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1174758-52-1 C16H18N2O4
    2-(((1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (4R) 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 72678-91-2 C11H13NO4S
    (4R) 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-<5-(3,4-dimethylisooxazolyl)sulphamyl>-2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrobenzylidene aniline 125186-93-8 C18H16N4O6S
    4-<5-(3,4-dimethylisooxazolyl)sulphamyl>-2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrobenzylidene aniline
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-acetoxy-8-methyl-7-nonenamide 947699-03-8 C20H29NO5
    N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-acetoxy-8-methyl-7-nonenamide