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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetradeuterio-phenol 64045-83-6 C6H6O
    2,3,4,5-tetradeuterio-phenol
    —— 4,5-dimethoxy-2-hexynylphenol 108213-88-3 C14H18O3
    4,5-dimethoxy-2-hexynylphenol
    —— 1-benzyl-4-methyl-5-(5-methyl-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 1189820-10-7 C22H19N3O3
    1-benzyl-4-methyl-5-(5-methyl-2-phenol)aminomethylene-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 1446310-02-6 C18H27NO3
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(3-fluorobenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one 1620205-17-5 C19H15FO3S
    3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(3-fluorobenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one
    —— 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,1,3,3,-tetraoxo-1,3-dithiane 152821-32-4 C14H19NO7S2
    2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,1,3,3,-tetraoxo-1,3-dithiane
    —— (p-Hydroxyphenyl)-tetrathiafulvalen 71195-39-6 C12H8OS4
    (p-Hydroxyphenyl)-tetrathiafulvalen
    —— 2-(((2-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4-(dodec-1-yn-1-yl)phenol 1043886-52-7 C24H31N3O
    2-(((2-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)methyl)-4-(dodec-1-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— diethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)malonate 1600501-97-0 C14H18O7
    diethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)malonate
    —— (2S,4aR,8R,8aR)-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,7-trimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-8-ol 1292847-82-5 C18H24O5
    (2S,4aR,8R,8aR)-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,7-trimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-8-ol
    —— 4,5-Dibromo-2-pentyl-phenol 52016-83-8 C11H14Br2O
    4,5-Dibromo-2-pentyl-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile 1357490-47-1 C10H7N5O
    (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile
    —— m-2-tellurienylphenol 75073-64-2 C10H8OTe
    m-2-tellurienylphenol
    —— 6-O-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose 130640-04-9 C20H27NO8
    6-O-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose
    —— 3'-Methyl-3'-methoxy-isophenolphthalein-oxim 4104-30-7 C22H19NO5
    3'-Methyl-3'-methoxy-isophenolphthalein-oxim
    —— 1473394-61-4 C11H13O3P
    —— 4-(3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-butyric acid 27533-48-8 C13H18O4
    4-(3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-butyric acid
    —— 1338246-72-2 C21H35NO
    —— 1,1-Diethyl-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium-6-olate 205584-80-1 C13H19NO2
    1,1-Diethyl-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium-6-olate
    —— 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one 339284-72-9 C17H12BrNO4
    4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-(3-chloro-3-methylbutyl)-4-methylphenol 76240-30-7 C12H17ClO
    2-(3-chloro-3-methylbutyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-[4-[5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-2-ethylphenyl]-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyran-3-one 1160559-68-1 C25H25ClO3S2
    4-[4-[5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-2-ethylphenyl]-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyran-3-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-tetradecyloxy-phenol 140656-75-3 C21H36O3
    2-Methoxy-4-tetradecyloxy-phenol
    —— diethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymalonate 1600501-81-2 C13H15BrO6
    diethyl 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymalonate
    —— 1255211-05-2 C6H3N3O7*C17H29NO
    —— 5-ethyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-isophthalaldehyde 859964-53-7 C10H10O5
    5-ethyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-isophthalaldehyde
    —— (E)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-1,3-diethyl-5-thioxohexahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazol-2(1H)-one 1418275-19-0 C15H18BrN5O2S
    (E)-4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-1,3-diethyl-5-thioxohexahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazol-2(1H)-one
    —— 5-fluoro-1-benzothiophen-7-ol 476199-20-9 C8H5FOS
    5-fluoro-1-benzothiophen-7-ol
    —— ethyl 6-(hydroxy(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)picolinate 1180553-52-9 C15H14N2O6
    ethyl 6-(hydroxy(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)picolinate
    —— 2-((((4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)diazenyl)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)benzoic acid 1305341-95-0 C21H15ClFN3O4
    2-((((4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)diazenyl)(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)benzoic acid
    —— 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 164352-25-4 C23H19N3O4
    2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylamine hydrochloride 885600-05-5 C8H10BrNO2*ClH
    2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-[[(2S,3S)-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butan-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol 63087-45-6 C18H20N2O2
    2-[[(2S,3S)-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butan-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— N',2-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazide 315665-94-2 C17H18N4O3
    N',2-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazide
    —— {4-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl-methanol 173593-53-8 C19H28O2SSi
    {4-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-phenyl}-thiophen-2-yl-methanol
    —— 133465-78-8 C17H17N5O3
    —— 4-(3-Cyclopropyloxypropyl)phenol 1392489-43-8 C12H16O2
    4-(3-Cyclopropyloxypropyl)phenol
    —— 42545-88-0 C12H4N6O16S
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenoxy]-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenyl]-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-one 1534367-30-0 C21H20O8
    4-Hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenoxy]-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(trideuteriomethoxy)phenyl]-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-one
    —— 6-(Pent-3-en-2-yl)-o-bromphenol 1081544-50-4 C11H13BrO
    6-(Pent-3-en-2-yl)-o-bromphenol
    —— (6-OH)C6H3(OH)CH=NNHCON(CH2Ph)2 1522166-59-1 C22H21N3O3
    (6-OH)C6H3(OH)CH=NNHCON(CH2Ph)2
    —— 3-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 679832-46-3 C15H13ClN2O3
    3-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3,5-di(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one 444315-48-4 C18H16O3
    3,5-di(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylallyl)-4-nitrophenol 1429628-99-8 C10H11NO4
    2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylallyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 52132-07-7 C13H14N4O2
    —— 3-Methyl-5-[methyl-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-amino]-phenol 60541-45-9 C13H21N3O
    3-Methyl-5-[methyl-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-amino]-phenol
    —— Ethyl 5-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexane-2-carboxylate 1423070-92-1 C18H20N2O3S
    Ethyl 5-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexane-2-carboxylate
    —— 4-[3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-yl]-phenol 809238-47-9 C15H15NO3S
    4-[3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-thiophen-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-yl]-phenol
    —— 3,3a(2),3a(2)a(2),3a(2)a(2)a(2)-(5,10,15,20,22,24-Hexahydro-21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis[phenol] 1633935-35-9 C44H36N4O4
    3,3a(2),3a(2)a(2),3a(2)a(2)a(2)-(5,10,15,20,22,24-Hexahydro-21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis[phenol]
    —— 3,3',3''-arsanetriyl-tri-phenol 857587-69-0 C18H15AsO3
    3,3',3''-arsanetriyl-tri-phenol