摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-phenyl-dithiooxalamide 10197-31-6 C14H12N2OS2
    N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-N'-phenyl-dithiooxalamide
    —— 2-<α-<sup>14</sup>C>-Allyl-phenol 115942-49-9 C9H10O
    2-<α-<sup>14</sup>C>-Allyl-phenol
    —— bis(4-(4-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinolato-N,N,O)nickel(II) 94950-94-4 C24H20N6NiO4
    bis(4-(4-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinolato-N,N,O)nickel(II)
    —— 5-benzyl-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-91-4 C18H19NO2
    5-benzyl-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— 5-(5-ethoxy-5-oxopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid ethyl ester 150597-95-8 C18H26O6
    5-(5-ethoxy-5-oxopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 84366-26-7 C42H50CuN4O8
    —— 2-[[2-[[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-phenylmethylidene]amino]phenyl]iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol 330851-97-3 C28H24N2O3
    2-[[2-[[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-phenylmethylidene]amino]phenyl]iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone 92251-83-7 C14H16O3
    3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone
    —— 1-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin 93025-86-6 C16H21NO4
    1-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-2-<2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin
    —— 4-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-11-6 C15H12ClN3O4
    4-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 3-(Butyliminomethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 70365-19-4 C11H15NO2
    3-(Butyliminomethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 107282-14-4 C6H6O*C16H14CuN2O2
    —— dl-Di-<β-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-aethyl>-sulfit 13612-54-9 C18H22O5S
    dl-Di-<β-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-aethyl>-sulfit
    —— tridecaneic acid-4-benzyloxyphenylethyl ester 194658-59-8 C28H40O3
    tridecaneic acid-4-benzyloxyphenylethyl ester
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl vinyl ether 213548-10-8 C11H14O2
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl vinyl ether
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-propane-1,2-diol 1613312-15-4 C11H15NO4
    3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-propane-1,2-diol
    —— (3,6-Dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl-sulfid 99848-97-2 C9H10Cl2OS
    (3,6-Dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl-sulfid
    —— 2-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-09-2 C15H12ClN3O4
    2-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 4-bromo-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-53-6 C15H12BrN3O4
    4-bromo-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— Bis-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-tetrasulfid 107176-34-1 C18H22O2S4
    Bis-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-tetrasulfid
    —— N,N-Dibenzoyl-β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamin 114863-89-7 C23H21NO4
    N,N-Dibenzoyl-β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamin
    —— 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde O,O-di(2-(aminooxy)ethyl) dioxime 1239336-86-7 C12H18N4O6
    2,3-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde O,O-di(2-(aminooxy)ethyl) dioxime
    —— bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidenehydrazide) of S,S'-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(2-mercaptopropionic acid) 246540-01-2 C22H22N6O6S3
    bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidenehydrazide) of S,S'-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(2-mercaptopropionic acid)
    —— 1389250-18-3 C19H14BrN3O2S
    —— 2-nitro-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1107604-40-9 C9H13NO3Si
    2-nitro-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-bromophenol 741625-48-9 C8H10BrNO
    2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-carbonitrile 518015-03-7 C9H5N3OS
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 71313-83-2 C17H16Cl2N2O6S
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)formamide 1254058-58-6 C17H19NO5
    N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)formamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione 1398409-61-4 C10H11NO2S2
    4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-95-8 C18H19NO3
    5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— 2-(1-acetoxy-2-propynyl)phenol 853296-78-3 C11H10O3
    2-(1-acetoxy-2-propynyl)phenol
    —— 1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl-acetate 84264-73-3 C14H15NO6
    1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl-acetate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,2-dichloroacetoxyimino)acetic acid 75261-08-4 C10H7Cl2NO5
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,2-dichloroacetoxyimino)acetic acid
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-pyrazoline 1262326-40-8 C17H19N3O2
    3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-pyrazoline
    —— 3,6-Dichloro-4-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol 57341-94-3 C7H6Cl2O2
    3,6-Dichloro-4-methyl-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1,2,3,4-tetrakis(salicylideneamino)-2,3-dimethylbutane 88299-36-9 C34H34N4O4
    1,2,3,4-tetrakis(salicylideneamino)-2,3-dimethylbutane
    —— [(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 7410-43-7 C8H8N4O3S
    [(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 5-iodo-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1453856-00-2 C9H7IN2O2
    5-iodo-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-Ethylhexyliminomethyl)phenol 1590365-10-8 C15H23NO
    2-(2-Ethylhexyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— (2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(5-nitrosalicylaldimine) 188799-78-2 C17H16N4O7
    (2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(5-nitrosalicylaldimine)
    —— Benzyl-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methylsulfanium;1-methoxypropan-2-yl sulfate 1393884-21-3 C4H9O5S*C14H15OS
    Benzyl-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methylsulfanium;1-methoxypropan-2-yl sulfate
    —— 4'-Dimethylamino-2,4-dihydroxy-diphenylamin 92255-90-8 C14H16N2O2
    4'-Dimethylamino-2,4-dihydroxy-diphenylamin
    —— 1-<Bis-(2-carboxy-aethylmercapto)-methyl>-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzol 1040-68-2 C14H18O6S2
    1-<Bis-(2-carboxy-aethylmercapto)-methyl>-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzol
    —— 3-<3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1) 96794-24-0 C14H10O4S
    3-<3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1)
    —— 102678-73-9 C24H20N6NiO4
    —— tert-butyl 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl)carbamate 299189-16-5 C22H30N2O5
    tert-butyl 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— <i>N</i>-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-<i>S</i>-methyl-isothiourea 105907-00-4 C11H13N3O2S2
    <i>N</i>-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-<i>S</i>-methyl-isothiourea
    —— [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethoxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester 1046818-70-5 C14H18Cl2O3
    [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethoxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 5-(2',4',6'-Trihydroxy-phenyl)-2-thenylcyanid 92722-45-7 C12H9NO3S
    5-(2',4',6'-Trihydroxy-phenyl)-2-thenylcyanid