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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propionaldehyde oxime 125721-02-0 C15H20N2O4
    3-[4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propionaldehyde oxime
    —— 1323994-17-7 C18H20O4S
    —— 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1158558-25-8 C16H15NO3
    3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole
    —— 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-59-7 C12H12N4O3
    2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)guanidine 5804-30-8 C13H10ClNO5S
    1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)guanidine
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-[(E)-phenyliminomethyl]-phenol 46821-24-3 C14H13NO2
    5-Methoxy-2-[(E)-phenyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-(3-Chloro-3-methyl-butyl)-6-methoxy-benzene-1,2-diol 53443-66-6 C12H17ClO3
    3-(3-Chloro-3-methyl-butyl)-6-methoxy-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 51084-60-7 C11H11Br2N3O2S2
    —— 6-iodovanillamine 859172-19-3 C8H10INO2
    6-iodovanillamine
    —— 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 30612-17-0 C14H11NO2S
    2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 1338246-71-1 C17H27NO
    —— 1419730-14-5 C13H25BO3Si2
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-en-2-yl)phenol 122270-50-2 C12H16O2
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3',5'-Dichlor-2'-hydroxy-4-aza-chalkon 2110-09-0 C14H9Cl2NO2
    3',5'-Dichlor-2'-hydroxy-4-aza-chalkon
    —— [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid dipentyl ester 38707-09-4 C17H28BrO5P
    [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid dipentyl ester
    —— N-salicylidene (2-oxacyclohexyloxy)amine 344303-00-0 C12H15NO3
    N-salicylidene (2-oxacyclohexyloxy)amine
    —— 36027-34-6 C13H14N4O5
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptanone 74320-23-3 C13H18O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptanone
    —— 5-(2-Eicosyl)-resorcin 22168-77-0 C26H46O2
    5-(2-Eicosyl)-resorcin
    —— 5-(2-Tetradecyl)-resorcin 22262-89-1 C20H34O2
    5-(2-Tetradecyl)-resorcin
    —— 2,6-difluoro-4-methylphenol 353557-38-7 C7H6F2O
    2,6-difluoro-4-methylphenol
    —— Benzenepropanenitrile, 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl- 2091283-09-7 C11H12FNO2
    Benzenepropanenitrile, 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-
    —— 4-methyl-4-salicylidenamino-pentan-2-one 100609-31-2 C13H17NO2
    4-methyl-4-salicylidenamino-pentan-2-one
    —— 4-[(5,6-Diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 108306-10-1 C22H17N5O2
    4-[(5,6-Diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4789-90-6 C9H7I2NO3
    —— 1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-2-one oxime 24546-49-4 C10H13NO4
    1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-2-one oxime
    —— 4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid 28387-27-1 C16H20O4
    4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid
    —— 2,2'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol 1148129-00-3 C23H23N3O2
    2,2'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol
    —— 2-[1-(5-bromopyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl]-4-fluorophenol 1312772-49-8 C13H12BrFN2O
    2-[1-(5-bromopyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl]-4-fluorophenol
    —— 3-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 117266-62-3 C9H9BrClNO4
    3-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— Diethylmalonsaeure-di-(salicyliden)-hydrazid 26878-71-7 C21H24N4O4
    Diethylmalonsaeure-di-(salicyliden)-hydrazid
    —— 1-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-14-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-tetradecane-3,12-dione 50637-31-5 C29H40O6
    1-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-14-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-tetradecane-3,12-dione
    —— β-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propionsaeure-methylester 20921-15-7 C10H11NO5
    β-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propionsaeure-methylester
    —— α-<<<2-<4-(benzyloxy)phenyl>ethyl>oxy>methyl>benzyl alcohol 86902-25-2 C23H24O3
    α-<<<2-<4-(benzyloxy)phenyl>ethyl>oxy>methyl>benzyl alcohol
    —— trans-[Pd(triphenylphosphine)2(N4C(3-NC5H4))2] 1335118-72-3 C48H38N10P2Pd
    trans-[Pd(triphenylphosphine)2(N4C(3-NC5H4))2]
    —— 1335133-31-7 C17H18N2O
    —— 20226-63-5 C6H3Cl3NaO
    —— 2,6-di(butylimino)methyl-4-methylphenol 117292-57-6 C17H26N2O
    2,6-di(butylimino)methyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyethyliminomethyl)-6-methoxy-4-thiophen-2-ylphenol 1093119-71-1 C14H15NO3S
    2-(2-Hydroxyethyliminomethyl)-6-methoxy-4-thiophen-2-ylphenol
    —— 2-(Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl}-acetamide 140935-50-8 C26H20N4O4S2
    2-(Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl}-acetamide
    —— p-(N,N-diallylaminomethyl)calix<7>arene 119707-64-1 C98H119N7O7
    p-(N,N-diallylaminomethyl)calix<7>arene
    —— (Z)-N-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanimine oxide 63829-56-1 C12H17NO4
    (Z)-N-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanimine oxide
    —— 2-[[Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]phenol 1392994-88-5 C25H21N7O4
    2-[[Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]phenol
    —— benzaldehyde [5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-hydrazone 75821-10-2 C15H10Br2N4O2
    benzaldehyde [5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-hydrazone
    —— 2-(5-benzylideneamino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol 67089-14-9 C15H11N3O2
    2-(5-benzylideneamino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— N-tert-Butyl-4-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-methoxymethoxy-benzamide 121442-61-3 C21H37NO4Si
    N-tert-Butyl-4-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-methoxymethoxy-benzamide
    —— 2-chlorophen-4,6-d2-ol 124286-01-7 C6H5ClO
    2-chlorophen-4,6-d2-ol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5,7-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol 3762-97-8 C6H2N4O5S
    4-Hydroxy-5,7-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone O-acetyloxime 1001591-67-8 C14H15NO3
    2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone O-acetyloxime
    —— 736946-69-3 C13H17N3O2