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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— α-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-08-5 C13H19NO4
    α-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— (3-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy(D3)methylenetricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridec-2,7-ene 552847-87-7 C21H25ClO2
    (3-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy(D3)methylenetricyclo[7.3.1.0(2,7)]tridec-2,7-ene
    —— 4-{[4-(3-acetoxy-propyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-acetyl}-morpholine 4670-67-1 C18H25NO6
    4-{[4-(3-acetoxy-propyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-acetyl}-morpholine
    —— 4-[(2,4-diamino-6-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 73576-16-6 C13H15ClN4O3
    4-[(2,4-diamino-6-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(3-methyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-butylimino)-methyl]-phenol 93142-57-5 C16H24N2O2
    2-[(3-methyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-butylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— rac-4,7,12-tribromo-15-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane 1569093-65-7 C16H13Br3O
    rac-4,7,12-tribromo-15-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— 2-(4-ethylamino-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol 38358-74-6 C18H18N4O2
    2-(4-ethylamino-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(3-nitrosalicylidene)hydrazine 72878-64-9 C14H10N4O6
    N,N'-bis(3-nitrosalicylidene)hydrazine
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pyridin-4-yl]iminomethyl]phenol 1569090-81-8 C19H14BrN3O2
    4-Bromo-2-[[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pyridin-4-yl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2,4-Di-(3-N-piperidyl-1-propyniyl)phenol 30427-56-6 C22H28N2O
    2,4-Di-(3-N-piperidyl-1-propyniyl)phenol
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propan-2-ol 40117-72-4 C6H3N3O7*C9H19NO
    Picric acid; compound with 2-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propan-2-ol
    —— 3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-propan-1-one oxime 36257-04-2 C14H15N3O3
    3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-propan-1-one oxime
    —— 2-sec-Hexyl-4-chlor-phenol 22702-41-6 C12H17ClO
    2-sec-Hexyl-4-chlor-phenol
    —— 6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-3-thione 1384850-11-6 C9H12N4OS
    6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-3-thione
    —— (R)-3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-benzo[ d][1,3]oxaphosphole 3-oxide 1202033-25-7 C11H15O3P
    (R)-3-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-benzo[ d][1,3]oxaphosphole 3-oxide
    —— α-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255051-96-8 C11H14ClNO2
    α-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— (4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2-pyrimidynyl)cyanamide 6112-68-1 C11H8N4O
    (4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2-pyrimidynyl)cyanamide
    —— 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethane 123222-57-1 C26H30O3
    1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethane
    —— 1610888-77-1 C32H30CuN4O6
    —— N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane 326475-32-5 C17H18N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane
    —— 3,5-Di(cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1289448-61-8 C24H33BO3
    3,5-Di(cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— α-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-12-1 C11H14BrNO2
    α-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— α-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255051-97-9 C11H13Br2NO2
    α-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanimine oxide 938041-25-9 C12H17NO3
    (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanimine oxide
    —— 2-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide 879197-09-8 C13H12N2O4S
    2-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl}-acetamide
    —— 1175142-34-3 C36H51N8Nd2O13
    —— 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenylmethylen)-2,4-dimethylpyrroliumbromid 77476-64-3 BrH*C16H17NO3
    3-Ethoxycarbonyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenylmethylen)-2,4-dimethylpyrroliumbromid
    —— 4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxyprop-2-ynyl)phenol 206664-24-6 C9H7ClO2
    4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxyprop-2-ynyl)phenol
    —— N,N'-(o-phenylene)bis(5-bromosalicylideneimine) 29979-27-9 C20H14Br2N2O2
    N,N'-(o-phenylene)bis(5-bromosalicylideneimine)
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (4-phenyl-selenazol-2-yl)-hydrazone 109054-54-8 C17H15N3O2Se
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (4-phenyl-selenazol-2-yl)-hydrazone
    —— 1-(2-Methyl-6-phenyl-cyclohexyl)-prop-2-in-1-ol 93158-79-3 C16H20O
    1-(2-Methyl-6-phenyl-cyclohexyl)-prop-2-in-1-ol
    —— 4-(salicylideneamino)phenethyl alcohol 424836-20-4 C15H15NO2
    4-(salicylideneamino)phenethyl alcohol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-hexen 22184-04-9 C13H18O
    1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-hexen
    —— 2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-4,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridin-3-one 50524-10-2 C26H24BrN3O5
    2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-4,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridin-3-one
    —— 2-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenylazo)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazole 23727-90-4 C13H13N3O2S
    2-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenylazo)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazole
    —— Dodecyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5.6-tetramethyl-phenyl)-aether 847253-37-6 C22H38O2
    Dodecyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5.6-tetramethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— 2-bromo-4-(2-bromo-1-chloro-propyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 90841-75-1 C10H11Br2ClO2
    2-bromo-4-(2-bromo-1-chloro-propyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-Phenyl-3-<5-chlor-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl>-5-<2-chlor-phenyl>-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin 25262-49-1 C22H18Cl2N2O
    1-Phenyl-3-<5-chlor-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl>-5-<2-chlor-phenyl>-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,4-butanediamine 250275-58-2 C18H20N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,4-butanediamine
    —— N-[2-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionamide 28116-39-4 C19H22BrNO4
    N-[2-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionamide
    —— 5-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2,2-di-t-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl-1,3,2-dioxasilane 507466-00-4 C26H45NO5Si
    5-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2,2-di-t-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl-1,3,2-dioxasilane
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-formamide 23379-97-7 C8H7N3O6
    N-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-formamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-N-(7-oxo-azepan-2-yl)-benzamide 27144-15-6 C14H17N3O5
    3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-N-(7-oxo-azepan-2-yl)-benzamide
    —— (E)-4-Nitro-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol 1400582-28-6 C11H15N3O3
    (E)-4-Nitro-2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 6-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 56872-24-3 C10H9ClN2O2
    6-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[2]thienyl-ethanol 106272-73-5 C14H17NO2S
    2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[2]thienyl-ethanol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(2-phenylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol 111115-02-7 C16H18O2S
    2-methoxy-4-(2-phenylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol
    —— α-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-00-7 C12H17NO2
    α-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)-N-methylpropanamide 132513-17-8 C18H20INO2
    N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)-N-methylpropanamide
    —— C-UNDECYLCALIX(4)RESORCINARENE CH3OH 116780-43-9 C72H112O8
    C-UNDECYLCALIX(4)RESORCINARENE CH3OH