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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenol 2369-46-2 C6H2Br2FNO3
    2,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 3-[5-(2-chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 62329-58-2 C18H10ClN3O3S2
    3-[5-(2-chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 54827-98-4 C10H13Cl2NO2
    —— 4-hydroxy-α-propylphenylacetic acid 88255-30-5 C11H14O3
    4-hydroxy-α-propylphenylacetic acid
    —— methyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyimino-acetate 143135-66-4 C10H11NO4
    methyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyimino-acetate
    —— (E,E)-(1-cyano-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester 866030-99-1 C15H18NO5P
    (E,E)-(1-cyano-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-(chloromethyl)-4,6-diiodo-phenol 959965-59-4 C7H5ClI2O
    2-(chloromethyl)-4,6-diiodo-phenol
    —— 5-Butyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 31004-97-4 C18H21N3O3
    5-Butyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide) 1333164-75-2 C36H39N3O12
    2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide)
    —— 4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-pentyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 91815-19-9 C17H26O5
    4-{2-[2-(2-Hydroxy-pentyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyramide 944357-03-3 C13H18BrNO4
    2-bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyramide
    —— 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-styryl)-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 20925-07-9 C14H12O5
    5-(2,4-dihydroxy-styryl)-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 1574514-58-1 C18H21I2N3O4
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-5-propyl-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024608-00-1 C19H23N3O3
    3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-5-propyl-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— 2,4-diethoxy-3-methoxy-6-methylphenol 136165-90-7 C12H18O4
    2,4-diethoxy-3-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-4H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one 96128-66-4 C21H20N4O2S
    4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-4H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one
    —— 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-5-allylbenzene 83569-74-8 C13H18O2
    1-methoxy-2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-5-allylbenzene
    —— (C4H9)3SnONCHC6H4OH-2 20141-74-6 C19H33NO2Sn
    (C4H9)3SnONCHC6H4OH-2
    —— 3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-oxime 81322-68-1 C9H10ClNO2
    3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-oxime
    —— 3-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]-6-methoxy-2-propylphenol 79822-75-6 C15H25NO3
    3-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]-6-methoxy-2-propylphenol
    —— 2-[1-(2,2-Dimethyl-propylsulfanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-4-methoxy-phenol 54624-39-4 C17H28O2S
    2-[1-(2,2-Dimethyl-propylsulfanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— [VO(Hshed)(cat)] 145319-14-8 C17H19N2O5V
    [VO(Hshed)(cat)]
    —— 4-(Bis-phenylsulfanyl-methyl)-5-bromo-2-methoxy-phenol 108791-58-8 C20H17BrO2S2
    4-(Bis-phenylsulfanyl-methyl)-5-bromo-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-<1-Acetylamino-ethyl>-2.6-dimethyl-phenol 14712-58-4 C12H17NO2
    4-<1-Acetylamino-ethyl>-2.6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,4-Dibrom-5-hydroxy-3-methoxytoluol 34132-38-2 C8H8Br2O2
    2,4-Dibrom-5-hydroxy-3-methoxytoluol
    —— 3-acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 729-32-8 C13H13NO4
    3-acetyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(E)-3-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-1-methyl-allyl]-phenol 18061-84-2 C13H18O3
    2-[(E)-3-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-1-methyl-allyl]-phenol
    —— 3-(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 35714-36-4 C12H15BrO5
    3-(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-chloro-2-iodo-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 38730-45-9 C8H8ClIO
    4-chloro-2-iodo-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid hydrazide 98279-93-7 C7H7N3O5
    2,5-dihydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid hydrazide
    —— [6-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 141920-32-3 C17H27NO3
    [6-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-Bromo-2-{[(Z)-3-ethylsulfanyl-propylimino]-methyl}-phenol 91802-06-1 C12H16BrNOS
    4-Bromo-2-{[(Z)-3-ethylsulfanyl-propylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2-methylphenol 1159343-18-6 C9H8Br2O
    4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[5-(2-methyl-[1,8]naphthyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol 119496-56-9 C19H18N4O2
    2-Methoxy-4-[5-(2-methyl-[1,8]naphthyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-5-hydroxy-1,2-benzoxazol-3-one 697801-56-2 C11H13NO3
    2-Tert-butyl-5-hydroxy-1,2-benzoxazol-3-one
    —— 2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenol 122134-90-1 C12H6F12O3
    2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenol
    —— p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene phosphite 135839-87-1 C44H53O4P
    p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene phosphite
    —— N,N'-bis<1-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethylidene>ethylenediamine 82539-32-0 C20H24N2O2
    N,N'-bis<1-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethylidene>ethylenediamine
    —— 51084-49-2 C10H9Br2N3O3S
    —— 90900-18-8 C22H28N2O4
    —— 2-(2-bromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)benzene-1,4-diol 1005776-37-3 C8H5BrF4O2
    2-(2-bromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-[3,5-dibromo-4-[3-[[3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoyl]amino]propoxy]phenyl]ethyl]carbamate 206991-15-3 C26H31Br4N3O7
    tert-butyl N-[2-[3,5-dibromo-4-[3-[[3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoyl]amino]propoxy]phenyl]ethyl]carbamate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-ethoxalyl-benzol 91498-01-0 C12H14O6
    3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-ethoxalyl-benzol
    —— 2'-hydroxy-4-nitroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone 882816-71-9 C9H10N4O3S
    2'-hydroxy-4-nitroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone
    —— 1-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropan-3-on 66422-33-1 C12H13ClO2
    1-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropan-3-on
    —— 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime 35590-33-1 C14H14N2O4
    1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(((2,4,6-trimethoxyphenethyl)sulfonyl)methyl)phenol 1584657-21-5 C19H24O7S
    2-methoxy-5-(((2,4,6-trimethoxyphenethyl)sulfonyl)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,2]oxazolo[4,5-b]azepin-7-yl)phenol 80630-23-5 C15H15BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,2]oxazolo[4,5-b]azepin-7-yl)phenol
    —— 21503-63-9 C23H24NO2S*I
    —— Acetic acid 3,6-diacetoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methoxy-phenyl ester 154821-87-1 C15H18O8
    Acetic acid 3,6-diacetoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methoxy-phenyl ester