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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate 1435049-33-4 C39H42N4O7S3
    trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N,N'-diphenyl-benzamidin 59765-23-0 C19H16N2O
    2-Hydroxy-N,N'-diphenyl-benzamidin
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-70-1 C17H18FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 4-deuterio-5-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxyphenol 115320-10-0 C10H15NO2
    4-deuterio-5-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis(4-hydroxybutyliminomethyl)phenol 1613233-67-2 C17H26N2O3
    4-methyl-2,6-bis(4-hydroxybutyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzonitrile 1202894-35-6 C13H14N2O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)benzonitrile
    —— <2,6-2H2>-Isovanillin 4863-96-1 C8H8O3
    <2,6-2H2>-Isovanillin
    —— S-Methyl-monothiodurohydrochinon 91968-00-2 C11H16OS
    S-Methyl-monothiodurohydrochinon
    —— N-[1-(2-Formyl-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide 39025-82-6 C12H15NO4
    N-[1-(2-Formyl-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— 1050599-81-9 C14H15BrN4O
    —— (S)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylamino)-thiazoline-5,5-dimethyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride 1334386-04-7 C14H18N2O4S*ClH
    (S)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylamino)-thiazoline-5,5-dimethyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— 40189-08-0 C25H21N5O8
    —— 4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-3-methyl-phenol 33834-05-8 C16H19NO
    4-(5-Diethylamino-penta-1,3-diynyl)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid 1452925-54-0 C11H12BrClO3
    3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoic acid
    —— 1,3-bis[2′-hydroxy-5′-chloro-4′,6′-dimethylbenzyl]imidazolidine 1423170-05-1 C21H26Cl2N2O2
    1,3-bis[2′-hydroxy-5′-chloro-4′,6′-dimethylbenzyl]imidazolidine
    —— N-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-acetamid 21144-25-2 C26H29NO5
    N-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenaethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-acetamid
    —— 2-chloro-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phenol 1159343-09-5 C8H5Cl3O
    2-chloro-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phenol
    —— 1-(4-Pyridyl)-4-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan 69026-23-9 C16H19NO
    1-(4-Pyridyl)-4-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-benzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine 1380074-91-8 C23H19N3O4S
    N<sup>1</sup>-benzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine
    —— (R)-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-butyl acetate 1443152-51-9 C13H18O4
    (R)-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-butyl acetate
    —— 4-[2-Amino-1-(4-propyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol 954251-13-9 C16H27N3O2
    4-[2-Amino-1-(4-propyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-sulfanyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-ol 98204-64-9 C11H14OS
    6-sulfanyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-ol
    —— 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 46485-47-6 C8H7ClN2O5
    4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxy-phenol 855409-36-8 C7H6I2O2
    3,5-diiodo-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[(2-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]phenol 1353093-32-9 C14H18O
    2-[(2-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol 1030828-94-4 C11H11NO4
    4-[3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyliden)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on 91093-08-2 C11H9NO5
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyliden)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— N-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-propionamid 20872-64-4 C26H29NO5
    N-(3-Benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-propionamid
    —— 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(5-(3-bromophen-4-ol)thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1452670-59-5 C16H18BBrO3S
    4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(5-(3-bromophen-4-ol)thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— N-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide 1378812-91-9 C9H11NO2
    N-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide
    —— N-[1-Hydrazinocarbonyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropyl]-benzamide 39645-06-2 C18H19N3O4
    N-[1-Hydrazinocarbonyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropyl]-benzamide
    —— 3-Chlor-1-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-pentanon 34695-89-1 C12H15ClO3
    3-Chlor-1-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-pentanon
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl-urea 64497-42-3 C8H9N3O4
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl-urea
    —— 5-(((4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 1242298-96-9 C17H14N2O5
    5-(((4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 4-chloro-2,6-diiodo-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 791626-94-3 C8H7ClI2O
    4-chloro-2,6-diiodo-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-((3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1352957-65-3 C22H28O4Si
    4-((3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1304145-69-4 C18H21NO5
    —— (R)-2-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenol hydrochloride 1394822-90-2 C8H9ClF3NO
    (R)-2-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— 35061-40-6 C43H70N2O6
    —— 4-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-ylmethyl)-phenol 69840-60-4 C11H13N3O3
    4-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-tricosyl-phenol 144464-91-5 C30H54O2
    2-Methoxy-5-tricosyl-phenol
    —— 2-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-4,6-difluoro-phenol 853567-52-9 C8H5F2N3OS
    2-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-4,6-difluoro-phenol
    —— 3-Methyl-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole 144880-70-6 C10H8ClNO2
    3-Methyl-5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 3-Bromo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-benzocycloocten-2-ol 32426-46-3 C12H15BrO
    3-Bromo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-benzocycloocten-2-ol
    —— N,N',N''-tri(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2',2''-triaminotriethylamine 146559-08-2 C27H30N4O6
    N,N',N''-tri(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2',2''-triaminotriethylamine
    —— Tricyclo[9.3.1.14,8]hexadeca-1(14),4(16),5,7,11(15),12-hexaen-5-ol 41597-90-4 C16H16O
    Tricyclo[9.3.1.14,8]hexadeca-1(14),4(16),5,7,11(15),12-hexaen-5-ol
    —— 2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1394287-13-8 C14H13N3O2
    2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 89669-37-4 C37H37N3O4SSn
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide 1612841-38-9 C16H23NO4
    N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-propylaminomethyl-phenol 51728-06-4 C11H17NO2
    2-Methoxy-5-propylaminomethyl-phenol