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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-cyclopropen-1-one 25361-95-9 C15H10O3
    2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-cyclopropen-1-one
    —— 1414651-83-4 C28H38O8
    —— 2-ethyl-4-tetradecoxyphenol 140466-78-0 C22H38O2
    2-ethyl-4-tetradecoxyphenol
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-α-toluenesulphonate 56276-23-4 C8H8N2O8S
    methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-α-toluenesulphonate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methylbenzonitrile 1608148-61-3 C8H6INO
    4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methylbenzonitrile
    —— N-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzamide 1052106-87-2 C14H19NO3
    N-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzamide
    —— [1R,3S] 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-nitromethyl-3-phenyl-1H-2-benzopyran 138231-40-0 C16H15NO4
    [1R,3S] 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-nitromethyl-3-phenyl-1H-2-benzopyran
    —— 4-(hydrazonomethyl)-1,2-benzenediol, trifluoroacetate salt 114875-19-3 C2HF3O2*C7H8N2O2
    4-(hydrazonomethyl)-1,2-benzenediol, trifluoroacetate salt
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-methylbenzamide 1235837-43-0 C17H18N2O3
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-methylbenzamide
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-propionic acid-(4-bromo-anilide) 109365-47-1 C15H13BrN2O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-propionic acid-(4-bromo-anilide)
    —— (2R,2'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-bis(4-hydrophenyl)-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione 1233689-99-0 C20H14O8
    (2R,2'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-bis(4-hydrophenyl)-2,2'-bifuran-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione
    —— (E)-ethyl-2-((E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzylidene)hydrazono)-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-thiazole-5-carboxylate 1446892-01-8 C17H21N3O5S
    (E)-ethyl-2-((E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzylidene)hydrazono)-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-thiazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(4-Tert-butyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol 1459803-37-2 C20H27N3O3S
    4-[(4-Tert-butyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— o-(3-Aethoxyheptyl)-phenyl 19346-79-3 C15H24O2
    o-(3-Aethoxyheptyl)-phenyl
    —— dodecyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-ammonium; bromide 29812-05-3 Br*C22H40NO2
    dodecyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-ammonium; bromide
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-ethyl)-3-methoxy-benzene-1,2-diol 20261-73-8 C12H19NO4
    4-(1-Hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-ethyl)-3-methoxy-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[2]furyl-3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one 107625-03-6 C13H11NO3S
    2-[2]furyl-3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-bromo-2-nitro-3-propylphenol 94102-95-1 C9H10BrNO3
    5-bromo-2-nitro-3-propylphenol
    —— 4-[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylideneamino]-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione 119120-39-7 C11H12N4OS
    4-[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylideneamino]-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione
    —— 2-hydroxy-4,6-diisopropoxybenzaldehyde 215163-07-8 C13H18O4
    2-hydroxy-4,6-diisopropoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-[2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol 107585-48-8 C14H17N3O2
    4-[2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1389250-16-1 C18H12BrN3O2S
    —— (+/-)-benzoic acid-(<i>trans</i>-2-amino-cyclohexyl ester); picrate 102082-73-5 C6H3N3O7*C13H17NO2
    (+/-)-benzoic acid-(<i>trans</i>-2-amino-cyclohexyl ester); picrate
    —— r-1,c-2,t-3,t-4,5,7-hexachlorotetralin-6-ol 21406-13-3 C10H6Cl6O
    r-1,c-2,t-3,t-4,5,7-hexachlorotetralin-6-ol
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)dodecanohydrazide 303086-42-2 C20H32N2O3
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)dodecanohydrazide
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl-malonsaeure 100613-75-0 C13H16O6
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl-malonsaeure
    —— sodium 3-methoxy-salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate 118833-78-6 C8H7O6S*Na
    sodium 3-methoxy-salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate
    —— 6-methylheptyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionate 951221-90-2 C18H28O4
    6-methylheptyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 4-((E)-3-Hydroxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-but-1-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 80304-68-3 C15H21NO4
    4-((E)-3-Hydroxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-but-1-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-3-methyl-phenol 109251-90-3 C17H26O
    4-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 4,4’-[5,5’-methylenedi-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)]di(benzene-1,3-diol) 1447735-05-8 C17H12N4O4S2
    4,4’-[5,5’-methylenedi-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)]di(benzene-1,3-diol)
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-N-propan-2-ylbenzamide 1052106-86-1 C11H15NO3
    5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-N-propan-2-ylbenzamide
    —— (3-Phenyl-propyl)-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-aether 99304-99-1 C15H16O2
    (3-Phenyl-propyl)-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-aether
    —— 2-[1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]acetic acid 286389-03-5 C10H10ClNO3
    2-[1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]acetic acid
    —— (2-methylsulfanyl-4-phenyl-thiazol-5-yl)-vanillyliden-amine 114616-96-5 C18H16N2O2S2
    (2-methylsulfanyl-4-phenyl-thiazol-5-yl)-vanillyliden-amine
    —— 3.5-Diiod-synephrin 2208-33-5 C9H11I2NO2
    3.5-Diiod-synephrin
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-{[(E)-4-nitro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 68040-34-6 C15H14N2O4
    2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-{[(E)-4-nitro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 5-fluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(18),3,5,7(21),9,11,13(20),15(19),16-nonaene-19,20,21-triol 83153-62-2 C21H17FO3
    5-fluorotetracyclo[13.3.1.13,7.19,13]henicosa-1(18),3,5,7(21),9,11,13(20),15(19),16-nonaene-19,20,21-triol
    —— 1158814-53-9 C55H69O5*Cs
    —— (3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenedimercapto)-di-acetic acid 34914-23-3 C11H12O6S2
    (3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidenedimercapto)-di-acetic acid
    —— 4-<2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethoxy>phenole 165274-92-0 C10H13ClO3
    4-<2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethoxy>phenole
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-86-2 C20H29N2O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— 1,21,23,25-tetrakis(2-phenylethyl)-2,20:3,19-dimetheno-1H,21H,23H,25H-bis<1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:5',4'-i'>benzo<1,2-d:5,4-d'>-bis<1,3>benzodioxocin-7,15-diol 136538-43-7 C64H56O10
    1,21,23,25-tetrakis(2-phenylethyl)-2,20:3,19-dimetheno-1H,21H,23H,25H-bis<1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:5',4'-i'>benzo<1,2-d:5,4-d'>-bis<1,3>benzodioxocin-7,15-diol
    —— 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-4a,7-ethanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol 86110-90-9 C23H31NO3
    3-Cyclopropylmethyl-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-4a,7-ethanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-N-octylbutanamide 1515405-99-8 C19H31NO4
    3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-N-octylbutanamide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{[(E)-2-(3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 101221-11-8 C13H14ClN3OS
    4-Chloro-2-{[(E)-2-(3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— di-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) phosphate 124982-87-2 C15H25O4P
    di-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) phosphate
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone O-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-oxime 64434-05-5 C15H24N2O3
    1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone O-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-oxime
    —— 2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol 37689-59-1 C23H22N2O2
    2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 3,5-diethyl-4-iodophenol 845622-61-9 C10H13IO
    3,5-diethyl-4-iodophenol