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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)<13C>methanol 106812-94-6 C9H12O4
    (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)<13C>methanol
    —— (E)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol 1636163-17-1 C15H15NO4
    (E)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide 474762-68-0 C17H18N2O5
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-(2-methoxyethyliminomethyl)phenol 847753-50-8 C10H11Br2NO2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-(2-methoxyethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-Diiodo-2,6-dinitro-4-methylphenol 29270-43-7 C7H4I2N2O5
    3,5-Diiodo-2,6-dinitro-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[3-[(Diaminomethylidenehydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]methylideneamino]guanidine 608126-74-5 C11H16N8O
    2-[[3-[(Diaminomethylidenehydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]methylideneamino]guanidine
    —— 1-[3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone 107095-29-4 C19H20N2O3
    1-[3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-[6-(methyl{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphinyl]propyl}amino)hexyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol 1353006-94-6 C32H40F7NO2S
    4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-[6-(methyl{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphinyl]propyl}amino)hexyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— N-[2-[[3-[4-(2-cyclopentyloxyethoxy)phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1354967-48-8 C26H36N2O7
    N-[2-[[3-[4-(2-cyclopentyloxyethoxy)phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 3,4-bis(tetradecyloxy)phenol 1277180-68-3 C34H62O3
    3,4-bis(tetradecyloxy)phenol
    —— 1-(3-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1025024-25-2 C18H17BrN2O3
    1-(3-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— Zn(diacetylacetonate)2(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) 577692-88-7 C18H23N3O5SZn
    Zn(diacetylacetonate)2(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone)
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(9a,10-dihydro-9<i>H</i>-indeno[1,2-<i>a</i>]inden-4b-yloxy)-phenol 116604-97-8 C22H14Cl4O2
    2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(9a,10-dihydro-9<i>H</i>-indeno[1,2-<i>a</i>]inden-4b-yloxy)-phenol
    —— 1-(4-bromophenyl)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hept-6-en-3-one 1021172-45-1 C20H21BrO3
    1-(4-bromophenyl)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hept-6-en-3-one
    —— 799290-59-8 C14H13NO3
    —— 2-bromo-4-(dodecylthio)methyl-6-methylphenol 1415649-83-0 C20H33BrOS
    2-bromo-4-(dodecylthio)methyl-6-methylphenol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-<pyrrolyl-(2)>-propen-(2)-on-(1) 91822-94-5 C13H10N2O4
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-3-<pyrrolyl-(2)>-propen-(2)-on-(1)
    —— N-Furfuryl-N-p-tolyl-harnstoff-pikrat 4506-04-1 C6H3N3O7*C13H14N2O2
    N-Furfuryl-N-p-tolyl-harnstoff-pikrat
    —— Phenol, 2-[(R)-amino-2-thienylmethyl]- 1932281-43-0 C11H11NOS
    Phenol, 2-[(R)-amino-2-thienylmethyl]-
    —— 2-Amino-6-methoxy-4-triphenylmethyl-phenol 70444-51-8 C26H23NO2
    2-Amino-6-methoxy-4-triphenylmethyl-phenol
    —— 6-chloro-2,4-dinitro-3-<i>p</i>-toluidino-phenol 105540-97-4 C13H10ClN3O5
    6-chloro-2,4-dinitro-3-<i>p</i>-toluidino-phenol
    —— salicylic acid-(2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-benzylidenehydrazide) 107523-68-2 C17H18N2O4
    salicylic acid-(2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl-benzylidenehydrazide)
    —— (+)-4-[4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-4-decahydro-[1ξ]isoquinolylmethyl]-phenol 101255-00-9 C16H23NO
    (+)-4-[4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-4-decahydro-[1ξ]isoquinolylmethyl]-phenol
    —— 2-<Bis-(4-chlor-benzylmercapto)-methyl>-phenol, Salicylaldehyd<bis-(4-chlor-benzyl)>-mercaptal 95938-17-3 C21H18Cl2OS2
    2-<Bis-(4-chlor-benzylmercapto)-methyl>-phenol, Salicylaldehyd<bis-(4-chlor-benzyl)>-mercaptal
    —— 6-<N-Methylpiperazinomethyl>-β-chlordihydroeugenol 93144-67-3 C16H25ClN2O2
    6-<N-Methylpiperazinomethyl>-β-chlordihydroeugenol
    —— 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-2-(3-iodo-benzylamino)-thiazol-4-one 107419-44-3 C17H13IN2O3S
    5-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-2-(3-iodo-benzylamino)-thiazol-4-one
    —— 4-((E)-3-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-propylimino)-pentan-2-one 95717-20-7 C15H20N2O2
    4-((E)-3-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-propylimino)-pentan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid isopropylamide 36695-79-1 C11H15NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid isopropylamide
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(4-chlorophenethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-90-8 C17H12Br2ClN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(4-chlorophenethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone 112367-63-2 C8H8N4O3S
    3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol 1227741-05-0 C20H21NO7
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3-bromobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-57-7 C16H10Br3N3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3-bromobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(2-{[(1E)-phenylmethylene]amino}[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)phenol 1388810-98-7 C17H13N3OS2
    4-(2-{[(1E)-phenylmethylene]amino}[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— N-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)formamide 862794-30-7 C17H17Br2NO4
    N-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)formamide
    —— 295328-92-6 C32H26N2O2Sn
    —— N-<4-Hydroxy-phenyl>-acetylacetonimin 50519-21-6 C11H13NO2
    N-<4-Hydroxy-phenyl>-acetylacetonimin
    —— 4-[3-[[3-[4-(2-Cyclopentyloxyethoxy)phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]propoxy]phenol 1354967-70-6 C25H35NO6
    4-[3-[[3-[4-(2-Cyclopentyloxyethoxy)phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]propoxy]phenol
    —— Cyclocymopol 62008-15-5 C16H20Br2O2
    Cyclocymopol
    —— (N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyliden)-1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane) 294628-83-4 C22H29N3O4
    (N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyliden)-1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane)
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzaldehydenephenylhydrazine 1314319-54-4 C13H11N3O3
    3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzaldehydenephenylhydrazine
    —— 219869-71-3 C25H41N3O4
    —— 5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one 1199975-46-6 C10H9ClN2O2
    5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— 5-(1-amino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 134931-77-4 C9H13NO2
    5-(1-amino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-{[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methyleneamino}phenol 1092795-62-4 C17H11N3O6
    4-nitro-2-{[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methyleneamino}phenol
    —— N-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-N-propyl-dopamine hydrochloride 124211-19-4 C20H27NO4*ClH
    N-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-N-propyl-dopamine hydrochloride
    —— N-Aethyl-4-O-methyl-noradrenalin 6924-28-3 C11H17NO3
    N-Aethyl-4-O-methyl-noradrenalin
    —— 2-[diisopropyl(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)silyl]phenol 1167029-43-7 C17H25NOSi
    2-[diisopropyl(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)silyl]phenol
    —— N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine hydrochloride 2350-48-3 C9H12N2O*ClH
    N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine hydrochloride
    —— 1-[4-(2-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)ethyl)phenyl]-1-oxabutan-4-ol 1085474-37-8 C19H24O4
    1-[4-(2-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)ethyl)phenyl]-1-oxabutan-4-ol
    —— ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionate 721968-52-1 C13H18O4
    ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionate