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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methyl-4-(3-morpholin-4-yl-prop-1-ynyl)-phenol 15139-47-6 C14H17NO2
    3-methyl-4-(3-morpholin-4-yl-prop-1-ynyl)-phenol
    —— salicylaldehyde acetamidrazone 161928-43-4 C9H11N3O
    salicylaldehyde acetamidrazone
    —— N-decyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-79-7 C26H37NO4
    N-decyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2-aminomethyl-5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole trifluoroacetate 1030014-76-6 C2HF3O2*C9H9N3O2
    2-aminomethyl-5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole trifluoroacetate
    —— 3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole 120402-04-2 C16H13NO3
    3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalyciliden)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane 398517-01-6 C19H22N2O5
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalyciliden)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane
    —— 100308-41-6 C34H36Cl2N8O6Sb*Cl
    —— 1-(5-Bromsalicyliden)-4-(4-chlorphenyl)-thiosemicarbazon 16434-92-7 C14H11BrClN3OS
    1-(5-Bromsalicyliden)-4-(4-chlorphenyl)-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one 1275574-86-1 C16H9BrFNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— (1S,2R)-1-Azidocarbonyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 117942-47-9 C11H9N3O4
    (1S,2R)-1-Azidocarbonyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-nitropyridine 104896-77-7 C20H20N2O4
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-nitropyridine
    —— Phenol, 2-bromo-5-ethyl-4-fluoro- 1804897-22-0 C8H8BrFO
    Phenol, 2-bromo-5-ethyl-4-fluoro-
    —— 1,12,19,30-Tetraoxo-5,8,23,26,39,42,47,50-octaoxa-2,11,20,29-tetraaza<12.12.82,11.820,29>(1,4)benzeno<2>phan * 1 Hydrochinon * 4 H2O 82678-29-3 C6H6O2*C40H56N4O12*H2O
    1,12,19,30-Tetraoxo-5,8,23,26,39,42,47,50-octaoxa-2,11,20,29-tetraaza<12.12.82,11.820,29>(1,4)benzeno<2>phan * 1 Hydrochinon * 4 H2O
    —— N-[5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-methanesulfonamide; compound with acetic acid 23527-71-1 C2H4O2*C10H16N2O4S
    N-[5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-methanesulfonamide; compound with acetic acid
    —— 4-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 31118-98-6 C25H32N4O3
    4-butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hexa-2,4-dienehydrazide 1273028-67-3 C13H14N2O2
    N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hexa-2,4-dienehydrazide
    —— 2-chloro-5-deuteriophenol 116467-74-4 C6H5ClO
    2-chloro-5-deuteriophenol
    —— 67609-41-0 C7H8O
    —— 1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(octanoylamino)ethyl 532986-75-7 C22H39NO3Si
    1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(octanoylamino)ethyl
    —— 2-(4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 1489100-06-2 C18H18O2
    2-(4-phenethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybutanamide 1515406-37-7 C15H23NO4
    3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybutanamide
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,5-diphenylpyrazolin 22877-14-1 C22H20N2O
    3-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,5-diphenylpyrazolin
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyldiazonium chloride 24569-35-5 C6H4N3O3*Cl
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyldiazonium chloride
    —— 5-(2-((2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 87092-41-9 C17H21NO4
    5-(2-((2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzoxathiol-3,3-dioxid 106129-31-1 C7H4N2O8S
    5-Hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzoxathiol-3,3-dioxid
    —— {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)} 117074-69-8 C13H18Cl2N2OPt
    {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)}
    —— 4-(5-Furan-2-yl-isoxazol-3-yl)-phenol 562079-90-7 C13H9NO3
    4-(5-Furan-2-yl-isoxazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 5-benzyloxy-2,3,4-trifluorophenol 392309-27-2 C13H9F3O2
    5-benzyloxy-2,3,4-trifluorophenol
    —— 2,2',2'',4',4''-Pentahydroxy-fuchson 36283-82-6 C19H14O6
    2,2',2'',4',4''-Pentahydroxy-fuchson
    —— 1447801-15-1 C33H20AuN
    —— 2-(4-Octadecoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate 1174495-50-1 C31H46F3NO4
    2-(4-Octadecoxyphenyl)ethyl 2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoate
    —— [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-methoxy)methylene]-5-methoxy(D3)adamantane 552848-16-5 C19H23ClO3
    [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-methoxy)methylene]-5-methoxy(D3)adamantane
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylideneamino)-4-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-thiazole-2-thione 15427-14-2 C16H12N2O2S2
    3-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylideneamino)-4-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-thiazole-2-thione
    —— 2-Phenylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin 1853-73-2 C21H16N4O4
    2-Phenylamino-4.6-bis-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1.3.5-triazin
    —— 5-Isoxazoleethanol, α-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl- 113465-88-6 C13H15NO4
    5-Isoxazoleethanol, α-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl-
    —— (S)-4-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-thienyloxy)propylamino)ethoxy]phenol 133026-08-1 C15H19NO4S
    (S)-4-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-thienyloxy)propylamino)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-nitro-phenol 40189-13-7 C22H19N3O4
    2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-nitro-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis[1-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]-ethylenediamine 91289-34-8 C18H18Cl2N2O2
    N,N'-bis[1-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]-ethylenediamine
    —— tert-butyl (R)-(+)-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate 931093-11-7 C13H19NO3
    tert-butyl (R)-(+)-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate
    —— 1,2-Bis-(5-brom-3-methoxy-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-ethan 7396-75-0 C18H18Br2N2O4
    1,2-Bis-(5-brom-3-methoxy-2-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-ethan
    —— 110625-37-1 C14H9N2NbO4
    —— dimethyl-(methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-amine; picrate 99864-89-8 C5H9N3S2*C6H3N3O7
    dimethyl-(methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-amine; picrate
    —— N-hexyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-76-4 C22H29NO4
    N-hexyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3.4.6-Trinitro-brenzcatechin-1-methylaether 861365-84-6 C7H5N3O8
    3.4.6-Trinitro-brenzcatechin-1-methylaether
    —— 3.5-Dinitrocatechol-1-benzolsulfonat 36383-35-4 C12H8N2O8S
    3.5-Dinitrocatechol-1-benzolsulfonat
    —— 3,17β-Dihydroxy-9,10-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-9-on 33477-02-0 C18H24O3
    3,17β-Dihydroxy-9,10-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-9-on
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one 207737-41-5 C18H22O4
    6-cyclopentyl-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 14711-20-7 C26H18Cl10O2
    —— 6-Decyloxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-s-triazin 1972-65-2 C27H35N3O4
    6-Decyloxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-s-triazin
    —— 2-[(5-phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol 90785-95-8 C15H11N3O2
    2-[(5-phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol