摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,6-bis(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylphenol 633314-21-3 C21H40O3Si2
    2,6-bis(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— N-methyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoximino-propionamide 150193-32-1 C11H14N2O3
    N-methyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoximino-propionamide
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-propionic acid 22900-93-2 C13H11NO5S2
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-propionic acid
    —— 5-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate 81441-21-6 C2H2O4*2C11H16FNO3
    5-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate
    —— 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-benzo[1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-4-one 51754-64-4 C7H4ClO4P
    2-chloro-5-hydroxy-benzo[1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-4-one
    —— methyl 2-(β-salicylaldimino-2-hydroxypropyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate 627483-97-0 C17H22N2O2S2
    methyl 2-(β-salicylaldimino-2-hydroxypropyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate
    —— 2-methoxy-6-((E){[(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]imino}methyl)phenol 1311271-53-0 C14H15NO3
    2-methoxy-6-((E){[(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]imino}methyl)phenol
    —— 4-(6-(methyl(pyridin-4-yl)amino)hexyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1391976-73-0 C18H24N2O2
    4-(6-(methyl(pyridin-4-yl)amino)hexyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-6-iodo-, ethyl ester 1803784-79-3 C11H10INO3
    Benzeneacetic acid, 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-6-iodo-, ethyl ester
    —— 5-(3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl)-4-methoxy-1,2,3-oxathiazinane 2,2-dioxide 1002353-72-1 C13H19NO6S
    5-(3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl)-4-methoxy-1,2,3-oxathiazinane 2,2-dioxide
    —— 3-butyl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolium picrate 1158595-67-5 C6H3N3O7*C9H16N2
    3-butyl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolium picrate
    —— 5-((diethylamino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 63673-90-5 C12H19NO2
    5-((diethylamino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-Jodacetyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzylamin 53527-22-3 C9H10INO3
    N-Jodacetyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzylamin
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylideneamino)-4-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-thiazole-2-thione 15387-25-4 C17H14N2O2S2
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylideneamino)-4-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-thiazole-2-thione
    —— Bis-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-sulfid 5273-66-5 C14H14O4S
    Bis-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-sulfid
    —— (N-methoxy-N-methyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 276703-13-0 C8H9ClN2O6S
    (N-methoxy-N-methyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— 2-(2-Chlor-benzylidenamino)-4-methyl-phenol 22587-56-0 C14H12ClNO
    2-(2-Chlor-benzylidenamino)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2E,4E-pentadienoic acid isobutyl amide 1228296-72-7 C16H21NO3
    5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2E,4E-pentadienoic acid isobutyl amide
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one 1370332-17-4 C20H23NO4
    (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 3-amino-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1267391-79-6 C11H11N3O3
    3-amino-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— thiomorpholine-4-carbothioic acid (5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-hydrazide 53222-86-9 C11H14N4OS2
    thiomorpholine-4-carbothioic acid (5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-hydrazide
    —— 950773-71-4 C27H30O3Si
    —— 2-{[6-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 851661-44-4 C18H13ClFN7O3
    2-{[6-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-N-methyl-acetamide 30512-55-1 C10H13NO2S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-N-methyl-acetamide
    —— (Z)-4-bromo-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 1285538-72-8 C15H13BrN2O3
    (Z)-4-bromo-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 4-(2)-Pyridylazo-o-kresol 40525-90-4 C12H11N3O
    4-(2)-Pyridylazo-o-kresol
    —— Phenol, Methylamin 34768-15-5 CH3NO2*C6H6O
    Phenol, Methylamin
    —— 1569471-89-1 C11H8O2
    —— Chlortrimethylhydrochinon 2011-58-7 C9H11ClO2
    Chlortrimethylhydrochinon
    —— prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1152593-69-5 C11H10O3
    prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3-Cyan-5-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyliden)-4-phenyl-2(5H)-furanon 7721-27-9 C18H11NO4
    3-Cyan-5-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyliden)-4-phenyl-2(5H)-furanon
    —— 4-Butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitroso-phenyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 74004-36-7 C19H19N3O4
    4-Butyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitroso-phenyl)-2-phenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan-1-one oxime 14194-56-0 C12H17NO2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan-1-one oxime
    —— 4-Methyl-2-methylselanyl-phenol 65325-99-7 C8H10OSe
    4-Methyl-2-methylselanyl-phenol
    —— 4,5-didodecylbenzene-1,2-diol 930782-42-6 C30H54O2
    4,5-didodecylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-hydroxy-3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide 1344115-18-9 C16H15N3O4
    N-hydroxy-3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxy-N-acetyl-amphetamin 91332-94-4 C11H13N3O6
    3,5-Dinitro-4-hydroxy-N-acetyl-amphetamin
    —— 2-amino-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one 86726-26-3 C11H11ClN2O3S
    2-amino-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— tert-butyl {2-[4-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}carbamate 1211569-88-8 C17H25N3O2
    tert-butyl {2-[4-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}carbamate
    —— 2-[3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl]-1-[pyridin-2-yl]-ethanone 815581-98-7 C13H10N2O4
    2-[3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl]-1-[pyridin-2-yl]-ethanone
    —— 4-dimethylsilanephenol 31353-78-3 C8H12OSi
    4-dimethylsilanephenol
    —— 1-Isopropylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-one oxime 125720-85-6 C15H24N2O3
    1-Isopropylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-one oxime
    —— 3-Aethyl-4-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-<pyridyl-(4)>-isoxazol 1031-81-8 C16H14N2O2
    3-Aethyl-4-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-<pyridyl-(4)>-isoxazol
    —— 1050600-83-3 C14H15ClN4O
    —— 2-[(R,S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-pentenyl]-4-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylphenol 133185-64-5 C16H24O3
    2-[(R,S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-pentenyl]-4-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)benzene 1327337-43-8 C28H42O3
    1-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 2,4-diamino-5-(2-hydroxy-3-allyl-5-methylbenzyl)pyrimidine 84876-29-9 C15H18N4O
    2,4-diamino-5-(2-hydroxy-3-allyl-5-methylbenzyl)pyrimidine
    —— 2-[amino(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]malononitrile 1629184-88-8 C10H9N3O
    2-[amino(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]malononitrile
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenol anion 20217-28-1 C7H7O2
    3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenol anion
    —— Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chloranil) 2089-11-4 C14H10Cl2N2O2
    Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chloranil)