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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— bis(μ-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoato-O:O'))bis(μ-(acetato-O:O'))bis(aqua) dicopper(II) 771488-01-8 C20H24Cu2O14
    bis(μ-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoato-O:O'))bis(μ-(acetato-O:O'))bis(aqua) dicopper(II)
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,5-diiodo-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde 412311-78-5 C8H6I2O3
    4-hydroxy-2,5-diiodo-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyl-benzamide N-methylammonium salt 845654-99-1 CH5N*C9H11NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyl-benzamide N-methylammonium salt
    —— 4-bromo-2-((octadecylimino)methyl)phenol 86894-24-8 C25H42BrNO
    4-bromo-2-((octadecylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-3-nitrobenzonitrile 1202893-32-0 C12H11N3O6
    4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-3-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-(1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane 1067549-88-5 C14H22N2O2
    N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-(1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane
    —— 1-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexanopyranosyl)-4-hydroxybenzene 651035-71-1 C12H16O4
    1-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexanopyranosyl)-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-iodo-6-nitrophenol 1246277-74-6 C10H12INO3
    2-tert-butyl-4-iodo-6-nitrophenol
    —— Aceton-4-p-hydroxyphenyl-thiosemicarbazon 25687-85-8 C10H13N3OS
    Aceton-4-p-hydroxyphenyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 2-hydroxyacetophenonemethanesulfonyl hydrazone 263009-13-8 C9H12N2O3S
    2-hydroxyacetophenonemethanesulfonyl hydrazone
    —— diethyl 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl phosphate 1420992-07-9 C12H19O5P
    diethyl 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl phosphate
    —— [1,4]benzoquinone-mono-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylimine) 859771-41-8 C13H11NO3
    [1,4]benzoquinone-mono-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylimine)
    —— 3-Nitro-2'.4'.5'-trichlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid 23233-85-4 C13H7Cl3N2O3S
    3-Nitro-2'.4'.5'-trichlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid
    —— 2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide) 1333164-83-2 C30H24N6O12
    2,2',2''-(2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide)
    —— 89980-77-8 C8H9BrN2O2
    —— 2,3,5-Trichloro-6-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 29262-96-2 C10H12Cl3NO2
    2,3,5-Trichloro-6-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-{[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol 36239-48-2 C14H13NO2
    2-{[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— (2Z)-2-cyano-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)acrylamide 1055964-47-0 C12H13N3O3S
    (2Z)-2-cyano-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)acrylamide
    —— 2-<<(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl>amino>-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol 90553-36-9 C13H14ClNO2S
    2-<<(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl>amino>-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— Phenylsulfanyl-acetic acid [1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 152489-32-2 C16H15BrN2O3S
    Phenylsulfanyl-acetic acid [1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 93999-75-8 C18H28N2O3
    —— 4-[2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)ethyl]phenol 568584-26-9 C12H16N2O
    4-[2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphonic acid 98057-62-6 C7H9O5P
    (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphonic acid
    —— meso-1,3-bis-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-diaminopropane dihydrobromide 134158-80-8 2BrH*C15H18N2O2
    meso-1,3-bis-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-diaminopropane dihydrobromide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound with 2,6-dimethyl-benzene-1,4-diol 60300-94-9 C8H8O2*C8H10O2
    2,6-Dimethyl-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound with 2,6-dimethyl-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-(5'-Methyl-salicylidenamino)-N,N-dimethylanilin 28547-54-8 C16H18N2O
    4-(5'-Methyl-salicylidenamino)-N,N-dimethylanilin
    —— 2-methyl-4-(5-piperidin-1-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol 33834-11-6 C17H19NO
    2-methyl-4-(5-piperidin-1-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-51-8 C14H13FN2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-(2-Chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 117266-56-5 C9H10ClNO4
    2-(2-Chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 6-(2-Chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-phenol 117266-58-7 C10H12ClNO5
    6-(2-Chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 5mafesh 1210843-95-0 C11H16N2O3S
    5mafesh
    —— 6-[[2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]-4-methoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 5621-84-1 C14H12N4O6
    6-[[2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]-4-methoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-3-chlorophenol 1159343-25-5 C8H5Br2ClO
    4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-3-chlorophenol
    —— 4-[3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)prop-1-enyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 92444-02-5 C18H20O6
    4-[3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)prop-1-enyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— L-Adrenaline-D-hykdrogentartrate 24351-82-4 C13H19NO9
    L-Adrenaline-D-hykdrogentartrate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-6-propyl-benzaldehyde 860724-84-1 C12H16O4
    3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-6-propyl-benzaldehyde
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 303106-15-2 C17H16N4O4
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl diethylcarbamate 1445899-11-5 C12H17NO3
    2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl diethylcarbamate
    —— 2-(2-hydroxypent-4-enyl)phenol 1260168-74-8 C11H14O2
    2-(2-hydroxypent-4-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-phenol 72041-37-3 C16H14O2
    2-(4-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 1392488-20-8 C6H5O*C6H6O*C12H28N
    —— 6-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol 152980-15-9 C37H52O6Si
    6-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester 70017-10-6 C15H20O3
    2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-methyl-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester
    —— 1039105-57-1 C44H20N4O8Zn
    —— [Cu(2,4-dihydroxy-5-acetylacetophenonedioxime)]n 531504-43-5 C10H10N2O4*Cu
    [Cu(2,4-dihydroxy-5-acetylacetophenonedioxime)]n
    —— 2,6-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)phenol 951630-66-3 C20H12N2O
    2,6-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)phenol
    —— [2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 38791-95-6 C13H17NO4
    [2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester
    —— 56733-67-6 C23H30O8P2
    —— 2-(Benzooxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl}-acetamide 140935-53-1 C21H18N4O5S
    2-(Benzooxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl}-acetamide
    —— O-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-nitrophenol 117332-03-3 C14H10N2O3S
    O-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-nitrophenol