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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-D-ribosylamino-o-cresol 77994-62-8 C12H17NO5
    5-D-ribosylamino-o-cresol
    —— 2-[3-(4-acetamidophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid 103912-27-2 C20H20N2O6S
    2-[3-(4-acetamidophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4,6-Dichlor-3,5-dihydroxy-o-xylol 17554-92-6 C8H8Cl2O2
    4,6-Dichlor-3,5-dihydroxy-o-xylol
    —— 2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyethane 23031-31-4 C14H21NO3
    2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyethane
    —— 3-Phenyl-2-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-2-ene-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid 117103-12-5 C6H3N3O7*C18H23NO2
    3-Phenyl-2-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-2-ene-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid
    —— 1-chloro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenylmercapto)butane 66624-32-6 C11H15ClOS
    1-chloro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenylmercapto)butane
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-(2-aminooxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-isothiourea 93312-87-9 C4H11N3OS*2C6H3N3O7
    Picric acid; compound with 2-(2-aminooxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-isothiourea
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-<2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-thiazol 90924-58-6 C10H9NO3S
    2-Hydroxy-4-<2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-thiazol
    —— 4-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyd 4221-46-9 C11H12O4
    4-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyd
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-tert-butyl-37,38,40,41-tetrahydroxy-39,42-(p-xylylenedioxy)calix<6>arene 149772-28-1 C74H90O6
    5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-tert-butyl-37,38,40,41-tetrahydroxy-39,42-(p-xylylenedioxy)calix<6>arene
    —— 1,1'-((4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)diurea 1185842-96-9 C9H12N4O3
    1,1'-((4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)diurea
    —— (2-{[(6-Oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}phenyl)arsonic acid 30937-57-6 C13H12AsNO4
    (2-{[(6-Oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}phenyl)arsonic acid
    —— 3A,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one 111824-68-1 C15H18O4
    3A,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-({4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)amino]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl}methyl)piperidin-3-ol 859853-76-2 C19H24N6O3
    (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-({4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)amino]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl}methyl)piperidin-3-ol
    —— 3-(6-Bromo-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide 101305-76-4 C19H20BrNO5
    3-(6-Bromo-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide
    —— 4-Chloro-5-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol 101252-65-7 C8H9ClOS
    4-Chloro-5-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol
    —— 2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 91297-92-6 C16H15Br2N3OS
    2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 5-Nitro-2-<2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyliminomethyl>-phenol 92966-94-4 C16H16N2O3
    5-Nitro-2-<2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyliminomethyl>-phenol
    —— Zn((HOC6H4)4C20H8N4)(EtOCOCH2CH2C5H4N) 1261270-67-0 C54H41N5O6Zn
    Zn((HOC6H4)4C20H8N4)(EtOCOCH2CH2C5H4N)
    —— 5-acetyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-piperidone 115262-50-5 C16H21NO4
    5-acetyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-piperidone
    —— 6-amino-3-bromo-2-fluorophenol 1807234-85-0 C6H5BrFNO
    6-amino-3-bromo-2-fluorophenol
    —— [Ru(bpy)2(tyr-d2)(D2O)](2+) 878552-77-3 C28H29N5O2Ru
    [Ru(bpy)2(tyr-d2)(D2O)](2+)
    —— 2-Isoxazol-5-yl-5-nitro-phenol 107826-03-9 C9H6N2O4
    2-Isoxazol-5-yl-5-nitro-phenol
    —— (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-eneselenoamide 1443157-85-4 C10H8N2OSe
    (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-eneselenoamide
    —— 3-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-5-fluorophenol 1261996-80-8 C12H11FOS
    3-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-5-fluorophenol
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylthioacetate 112632-29-8 C10H12O4S
    methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylthioacetate
    —— 1361118-14-0 C17H18O2
    —— 1,7-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)heptane 10365-57-8 C19H24O2
    1,7-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— 3-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-methylphenol 1198117-45-1 C15H17NO
    3-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-(2,5,7-Triphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol 82059-69-6 C28H23N5O
    2-(2,5,7-Triphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-(3<sup>1</sup>-Chlor-2<sup>1</sup>-hydroxy-propylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol 91003-85-9 C9H10ClNO6S
    4-(3<sup>1</sup>-Chlor-2<sup>1</sup>-hydroxy-propylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 1390619-72-3 C15H15NO2
    —— 6-[(Benzylamino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 61695-65-6 C14H12N2O3
    6-[(Benzylamino)methylidene]-3-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-[4-[[(Z)-benzylideneamino]-methylamino]-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]phenol 5256-63-3 C19H18N4O
    2-[4-[[(Z)-benzylideneamino]-methylamino]-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-<4-Hydroxy-3.5-dinitro-phenyl>-3-methyl-butan 28443-29-0 C11H14N2O5
    2-<4-Hydroxy-3.5-dinitro-phenyl>-3-methyl-butan
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-(((3,5-dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 303105-17-1 C11H10Br2N4O
    2,4-Dibromo-6-(((3,5-dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261890-84-9 C12H12O2S
    2-Methoxy-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[bis[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+);hydrate 795280-84-1 C30H40GdN5O13
    2-[bis[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+);hydrate
    —— 3.5-Dinitro-salicyl-hydroxamsaeure 154066-33-8 C7H5N3O7
    3.5-Dinitro-salicyl-hydroxamsaeure
    —— 2-(1-(tert-butylamino)ethyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1117699-94-1 C13H21NO2
    2-(1-(tert-butylamino)ethyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-nitro-toluene-2-sulfonic acid 30985-42-3 C7H7NO6S
    4-hydroxy-6-nitro-toluene-2-sulfonic acid
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-butyronitrile 18782-17-7 C10H11NO
    3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-butyronitrile
    —— N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-imidazol-1-ylmethylidene]-N,N-dimethylhydrazine 1094020-41-3 C12H14N4O
    N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-imidazol-1-ylmethylidene]-N,N-dimethylhydrazine
    —— 8-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxaoctanol 1061303-14-7 C15H22O4
    8-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxaoctanol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide 94295-91-7 C9H8N2O5
    3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide
    —— ethyl 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate 374090-67-2 C17H16N2O5S
    ethyl 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(2E)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one 307506-65-6 C12H13N5O3
    5-[(2E)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazin-3-one
    —— 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon-monopropylether 22944-13-4 C17H28O2
    2,6-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon-monopropylether
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-propylimino]-methyl}-4,6-diiodo-phenol 19075-00-4 C10H11I2NO2
    2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-propylimino]-methyl}-4,6-diiodo-phenol
    —— 5-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-pyrimidine-4,6-dione 101732-06-3 C18H16N2O4
    5-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-pyrimidine-4,6-dione