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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 104039-70-5 C10H7ClFN3O3
    2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
    —— 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol 13333-76-1 C9H11ClOS
    4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-2-methylsulfanyl-phenol
    —— 7,9a-dichloro-3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-9,10-anthraquinone 94975-35-6 C17H16Cl2O7
    7,9a-dichloro-3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-9,10-anthraquinone
    —— 4-{1-hydroxy-2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl}-phenol 49612-84-2 C14H22N2O3
    4-{1-hydroxy-2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure 4654-15-3 C12H16O4
    5-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure
    —— 6-<p-Hydroxybenzylidenhydrazino>-2-methylimidazo<1,2-b>pyridazin 14793-06-7 C14H13N5O
    6-<p-Hydroxybenzylidenhydrazino>-2-methylimidazo<1,2-b>pyridazin
    —— Bis-<3-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyl>-sulfid 2973-65-1 C18H18O6S
    Bis-<3-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyl>-sulfid
    —— <carboxy-14C>Homoprotocatechusaeure 92335-77-8 C8H8O4
    <carboxy-14C>Homoprotocatechusaeure
    —— 5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon 19015-22-6 C11H15N3O2S
    5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 2-(α-chloro-benzhydryl)-phenol 82378-99-2 C19H15ClO
    2-(α-chloro-benzhydryl)-phenol
    —— 16,37,46,58-tetramethylundecacyclo[29.11.7.710,22.13,41.18,12.114,18.120,24.129,33.135,39.144,48.156,60]tetrahexaconta-1(42),2,8,10,12(63),14,16,18(62),20(54),21,23,29,31,33(53),35(52),36,38,41(51),44,46,48(50),56(64),57,59-tetracosaene-11,21,32,42,50,52,62,64-octol 124028-41-7 C68H68O8
    16,37,46,58-tetramethylundecacyclo[29.11.7.710,22.13,41.18,12.114,18.120,24.129,33.135,39.144,48.156,60]tetrahexaconta-1(42),2,8,10,12(63),14,16,18(62),20(54),21,23,29,31,33(53),35(52),36,38,41(51),44,46,48(50),56(64),57,59-tetracosaene-11,21,32,42,50,52,62,64-octol
    —— β-Orcilaldehyd 4-methylthiosemicarbazon 19861-12-2 C11H15N3O2S
    β-Orcilaldehyd 4-methylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-<4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoylamino)-thiosemicarbazon> 13737-76-3 C19H22N4O6S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-<4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoylamino)-thiosemicarbazon>
    —— 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid benzylamide 101111-34-6 C16H15Br2NO2
    3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid benzylamide
    —— (E)-3-methoxy-5-[2-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]phenol 1227376-20-6 C14H13NO2S
    (E)-3-methoxy-5-[2-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]phenol
    —— 2-amino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one 1649984-32-6 C19H18N6O4
    2-amino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one
    —— N,N'-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane 238075-30-4 C20H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane
    —— 2-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyliminomethyl]phenol 57272-47-6 C14H13NOS
    2-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(4-ethylphenylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol 474812-69-6 C15H15NO2
    4-[(4-ethylphenylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylhexyl)-phenol 6692-97-3 C15H22N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylhexyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-6-methylphenol 132552-78-4 C11H19N2O2P
    2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-6-methylphenol
    —— N2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)aminophenol uranyl nitrate 119577-80-9 C28H26N4O14U
    N2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)aminophenol uranyl nitrate
    —— 2-chloro-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)acetamide 53527-20-1 C9H10ClNO3
    2-chloro-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)acetamide
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde-(N-methyl oxime ) 84324-96-9 C8H9NO3
    3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde-(N-methyl oxime )
    —— 4-(dec-1-en-5-yn-4-yl)phenol 1007605-50-6 C16H20O
    4-(dec-1-en-5-yn-4-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)phenol 462744-97-4 C16H9F17O
    2-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)phenol
    —— 2-(propylthio)-5-nitrophenol 145101-98-0 C9H11NO3S
    2-(propylthio)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 2-Fluoro-4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 106808-99-5 C18H23FN2O
    2-Fluoro-4-(5-octylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2,6-Bis-(3-methylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol 17733-50-5 C14H22OS2
    2,6-Bis-(3-methylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol
    —— N-[1-(4-pyridyl)ethylidene]-N'-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazine 1053661-97-4 C17H16N4O2S
    N-[1-(4-pyridyl)ethylidene]-N'-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazine
    —— 4-(Cyclohexyliminomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 906730-09-4 C14H19NO2
    4-(Cyclohexyliminomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,6-Dihydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-1-(α-hydroxy-aethyl)-benzol 3541-17-1 C11H16O3
    3,6-Dihydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-1-(α-hydroxy-aethyl)-benzol
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-dimethylamino-1-butanol 1020-41-3 C12H19NO3
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-dimethylamino-1-butanol
    —— 1-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-dodecylthiourea 6340-21-2 C20H32ClN3OS
    1-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-dodecylthiourea
    —— 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanon-(O-acetyl oxime ) 69658-70-4 C10H11NO4
    1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanon-(O-acetyl oxime )
    —— (2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon 74321-35-0 C11H16N2O2
    (2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acetaldehyd-dimethylhydrazon
    —— 102745-73-3 C16H18N6O2S2Zn
    —— 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-3-sulfanylidene-2H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one 5629-05-0 C12H12N4O3S
    4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-3-sulfanylidene-2H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyisonitrosoacetanilide 134914-44-6 C9H10N2O4
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxyisonitrosoacetanilide
    —— N,N',N''-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 1352840-13-1 C30H36N10O3S3
    N,N',N''-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide)
    —— Ethyl 2-(7-fluoro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate 1221565-42-9 C18H16FNO4S
    Ethyl 2-(7-fluoro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
    —— Atranol 4-ethyl-thiosemicarbazon 21236-31-7 C11H15N3O2S
    Atranol 4-ethyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— N-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]-N'-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazine 1053661-88-3 C17H16N4O2S
    N-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]-N'-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazine
    —— (S)-4-bromo-3-(1-methoxymethoxyethyl)phenol 366006-52-2 C10H13BrO3
    (S)-4-bromo-3-(1-methoxymethoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-iodo-3-methoxy-6-vinylphenol 1358063-34-9 C9H9IO2
    2-iodo-3-methoxy-6-vinylphenol
    —— N,N'-Bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dithiooxalamide 13643-23-7 C16H12N2O2S2
    N,N'-Bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dithiooxalamide
    —— [2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-urea 103272-72-6 C10H11N3O3S
    [2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-urea
    —— 1,4-dibromo-6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-triene-3-ol 91813-72-8 C18H24Br2O
    1,4-dibromo-6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-triene-3-ol
    —— 2-[(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one 18101-29-6 C17H13Cl2N3O3S
    2-[(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-Chlor-6-sec-heptyl-p-cresol 2502-78-5 C14H21ClO
    2-Chlor-6-sec-heptyl-p-cresol