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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 92213-83-7 C20H23N3O2*O2U
    —— 4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-ethylresorcin 14383-25-6 C11H11N3O2S
    4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-ethylresorcin
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-benzol 2017-30-3 C9H6Cl2F4O2
    2-Hydroxy-1-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-benzol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 35350-81-3 C10H11NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid 701263-60-7 C10H12O5
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid
    —— 2,5-Bis-<3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon 27060-72-6 C21H18Br2O5
    2,5-Bis-<3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon
    —— 4-(Cyclopropylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1147558-14-2 C10H12O4S
    4-(Cyclopropylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033766-82-3 C15H12FN3O
    4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 1,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylaminomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene 1314875-81-4 C36H45N3O9
    1,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylaminomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-butan-2-one 1162642-03-6 C11H14O3
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-butan-2-one
    —— P,P-Diethyl-N-o-hydroxyphenyl-phosphinamid 58018-55-6 C10H16NO2P
    P,P-Diethyl-N-o-hydroxyphenyl-phosphinamid
    —— (2<i>RS</i>,2'<i>RS</i>,3'<i>RS</i>)-dodecahydro-[2,3']bipyridyl-2'-ol; dipicrate 97115-82-7 2C6H3N3O7*C10H20N2O
    (2<i>RS</i>,2'<i>RS</i>,3'<i>RS</i>)-dodecahydro-[2,3']bipyridyl-2'-ol; dipicrate
    —— 1,3-bis(3-fluorosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol 697298-88-7 C17H16F2N2O3
    1,3-bis(3-fluorosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol
    —— 4-hydroxymethyl-6-formylguaiacol 185427-42-3 C9H10O4
    4-hydroxymethyl-6-formylguaiacol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide 75608-43-4 C18H21NO5
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 1,2-bis(benzyloxy)-4-(2′-decyloxyethyl)benzene 1436383-08-2 C32H42O3
    1,2-bis(benzyloxy)-4-(2′-decyloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1093118-53-6 C13H13NO4
    5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-N'-<pyridyl-(2)-acetyl>-hydrazin 19731-07-8 C14H13N3O2
    N-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-N'-<pyridyl-(2)-acetyl>-hydrazin
    —— (4R,5R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-amide] 460748-92-9 C19H18N4O10
    (4R,5R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-amide]
    —— 2-Cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 13209-75-1 C12H13NO5
    2-Cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-phenyl-butyryl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one 871905-18-9 C43H55N3O8Si
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-phenyl-butyryl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— 4-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)phenol 1114554-17-4 C10H12O3
    4-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)phenol
    —— 1,1-bis<(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl>ethene 113964-47-9 C18H20O2
    1,1-bis<(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl>ethene
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminoheptane 123431-65-2 C21H26N2O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminoheptane
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-nitro-6-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol 205313-85-5 C17H21N3O3
    2-tert-butyl-4-nitro-6-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— N-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-bromobenzaldimine 362620-68-6 C15H14BrNO3
    N-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-bromobenzaldimine
    —— 2-allyl-4-bromo-6-chlorophenol 90725-41-0 C9H8BrClO
    2-allyl-4-bromo-6-chlorophenol
    —— N-salicylidene-2-chloroethylamine 82413-71-6 C9H10ClNO
    N-salicylidene-2-chloroethylamine
    —— (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)(thiophen-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime 97035-17-1 C14H12ClNO3S
    (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)(thiophen-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime
    —— 4-(3-Butylamino-butyl)-phenol 107916-82-5 C14H23NO
    4-(3-Butylamino-butyl)-phenol
    —— (E)-2-(3-azido-2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol 1429629-06-0 C10H11N3O
    (E)-2-(3-azido-2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 1334311-53-3 C9H11NO5
    4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 17646-45-6 C14H9FN4OS
    —— 1372118-04-1 C22H30O4Si
    —— N-Octanoyl-4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethoxy-benzylamin 4973-54-0 C17H27NO4
    N-Octanoyl-4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethoxy-benzylamin
    —— 6434-05-5 C22H21N3O4
    —— Phenol;acetate 92187-91-2 C2H3O2*C6H6O
    Phenol;acetate
    —— N-[2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-ethyl]-N-propyl-1-aminomethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride 123944-36-5 C24H33NO3*ClH
    N-[2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-ethyl]-N-propyl-1-aminomethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride
    —— 2-Nitro-4-thiocyanatomethyl-phenol 6378-01-4 C8H6N2O3S
    2-Nitro-4-thiocyanatomethyl-phenol
    —— N-(2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-8-amine 890023-92-4 C28H33N5O2S
    N-(2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-8-amine
    —— 3-[3-[[5-bromo-4-[[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-1-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione 702676-31-1 C21H19BrN6O4
    3-[3-[[5-bromo-4-[[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-1-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
    —— 2-Methyl-4-((E)-5-methyl-hexa-2,4-dienyl)-phenol 949-77-9 C14H18O
    2-Methyl-4-((E)-5-methyl-hexa-2,4-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylsulfanylbenzonitrile 1245744-67-5 C9H9NO2S
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylsulfanylbenzonitrile
    —— 1-Methyl-1-(5-tetrazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylamin 56876-21-2 C10H13N5O
    1-Methyl-1-(5-tetrazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylamin
    —— 3,5-Dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoro-phenol 24812-12-2 C6HCl2F3O
    3,5-Dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoro-phenol
    —— N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;3-methylphenol 125320-80-1 C7H8O*C12H23N
    N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;3-methylphenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-ol 1172053-58-5 C12H11N3O2S
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-ol
    —— N-(2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl)[2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide 182823-40-1 C26H31NO8
    N-(2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl)[2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionitrile 14517-90-9 C10H11NOS
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionitrile
    —— (3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile 54246-08-1 C9H8ClNO3
    (3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-acetonitrile