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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Phenol-Glycerin-Komplex 56803-49-7 C3H8O3*C6H6O
    Phenol-Glycerin-Komplex
    —— methyl N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl]carbamate 100421-28-1 C12H15NO5
    methyl N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl]carbamate
    —— 2-(2-[4]pyridyl-ethyl)-phenol 872811-66-0 C13H13NO
    2-(2-[4]pyridyl-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[3-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]phenol 123973-97-7 C13H18O3
    5-methoxy-2-[3-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]phenol
    —— 4-((2-(perfluorophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol 680608-52-0 C13H7F5N2O2
    4-((2-(perfluorophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,10-decanediamine 1334545-36-6 C26H36N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,10-decanediamine
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)-6-triphenylsilylphenol 1391916-16-7 C32H28N2OSi
    4-Methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)-6-triphenylsilylphenol
    —— 3-bromo-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2-(3,5-heptadienyl)phenol 109035-12-3 C16H21BrO3
    3-bromo-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2-(3,5-heptadienyl)phenol
    —— 3-(7,9,9-trimethyl-1-oxa-4-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-yl)-phenol 55694-95-6 C17H23NO2
    3-(7,9,9-trimethyl-1-oxa-4-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-yl)-phenol
    —— N,N'-ethylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-α-methylbenzylamine) 91915-31-0 C18H24N2O2
    N,N'-ethylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-α-methylbenzylamine)
    —— sodium,N-[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)amino]sulfamate 99280-77-0 C6H5N2O4S*Na
    sodium,N-[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)amino]sulfamate
    —— N-<1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene>-N'-methylrthylenediamine 89221-25-0 C11H16N2O
    N-<1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene>-N'-methylrthylenediamine
    —— (E)-methyl 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate 1314789-32-6 C10H10FNO4
    (E)-methyl 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate
    —— 4-(2'-Aminoethyl)indol-pikrat-Salz 49634-56-2 C6H3N3O7*C10H12N2
    4-(2'-Aminoethyl)indol-pikrat-Salz
    —— 2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191248-17-5 C30H25Cl2N5O2
    2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 4-<6-amino-5-(dimethylamino)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl>-2-methoxyphenol 141944-34-5 C15H22N2O2
    4-<6-amino-5-(dimethylamino)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl>-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-butan-1-ol 4936-90-7 C12H15Br2NO3
    2(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-butan-1-ol
    —— Salicylaldehyd-capronylhydrazon 101264-90-8 C13H18N2O2
    Salicylaldehyd-capronylhydrazon
    —— 478812-38-3 C13H17ClN2OS2
    —— 6-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl)-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 1601476-39-4 C17H20O4
    6-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl)-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 46132-81-4 C7H7O4S*Na
    sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate
    —— 1-acetyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)piperidine oxime 1206964-35-3 C15H20N2O4
    1-acetyl-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)piperidine oxime
    —— 2-Chloro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261891-97-7 C11H9ClOS
    2-Chloro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide 94295-92-8 C10H10N2O5
    3-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide
    —— Benzyl hydrogen (4-hydroxyphenyl)boronate 1221823-69-3 C13H13BO3
    Benzyl hydrogen (4-hydroxyphenyl)boronate
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-hexyl-thiosemicarbazon 18965-12-3 C19H31N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-hexyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— N-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)salicylaldimine 87018-89-1 C13H12N2O
    N-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)salicylaldimine
    —— (R)-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine 697754-54-4 C20H22N2O4
    (R)-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine
    —— 1-(3,5-diamino-4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1374431-83-0 C11H12N6O2
    1-(3,5-diamino-4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— (3,4-difluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid 1379466-84-8 C6H5BF2O3
    (3,4-difluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— 2,3,4-Triethylphenol 51690-47-2 C12H18O
    2,3,4-Triethylphenol
    —— 2,5-Bis-<3,5-dibrom-4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon 27060-71-5 C19H12Br4O3
    2,5-Bis-<3,5-dibrom-4-hydroxy-benzyliden>-cyclopentanon
    —— 1,5-Bis-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim 4609-09-0 C19H20Cl2N2O4
    1,5-Bis-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim
    —— 6-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazole 916606-31-0 C15H12FNO3S
    6-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazole
    —— (6Z)-6-(anilinomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;oxovanadium;2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenolate 14783-75-6 C26H21N2O3V-
    (6Z)-6-(anilinomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;oxovanadium;2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenolate
    —— 1429327-74-1 C20H20N6O4
    —— 3-(Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde 150900-50-8 C16H13NO3S2
    3-(Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[6-methyl-3-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl]phenol 854074-24-1 C19H20N4O2
    2-methoxy-4-[6-methyl-3-[[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl]phenol
    —— 4-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 32246-38-1 C11H16O3S2
    4-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin 20435-62-5 C16H14N2O2
    4-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-6-(hexyliminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 278602-16-7 C18H29NO2
    2-Tert-butyl-6-(hexyliminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 78439-56-2 C18H18N4O3
    (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2,2'-((4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbimidothioic acid) 852382-56-0 C12H16N6O2S2
    2,2'-((4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbimidothioic acid)
    —— 2-Chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1294518-25-4 C13H18BClO3
    2-Chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)benzamide 1620193-74-9 C15H15N3O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)benzamide
    —— 2,5-dichloro-3-(5-hydroxy-1-pentenyl)-6-methylhydroquinone 75365-46-7 C12H14Cl2O3
    2,5-dichloro-3-(5-hydroxy-1-pentenyl)-6-methylhydroquinone
    —— (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2''-pyridin-3'''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxy-3''''-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate 1440430-84-1 C21H25NO5
    (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2''-pyridin-3'''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxy-3''''-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate
    —— 2-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-3-phenylthiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propionitrile 1418741-14-6 C24H21N3O5S
    2-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-3-phenylthiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propionitrile
    —— 2-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one 1105655-95-5 C15H18O4
    2-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(5,7-Diphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-isoxazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol 82060-20-6 C22H18N4O2
    2-(5,7-Diphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-isoxazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol