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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxybutyrophenone oxime 1392203-22-3 C10H12ClNO3
    5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxybutyrophenone oxime
    —— 2,4-Bis(2'-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5'-methyl-4'-thiazolidinon-3'-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine 138799-52-7 C26H26N4O7S2
    2,4-Bis(2'-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5'-methyl-4'-thiazolidinon-3'-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine
    —— 16-Methyl-heptadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-benzylamide 25564-15-2 C25H43NO2
    16-Methyl-heptadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-benzylamide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-octylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol 52696-93-2 C19H32OS
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-octylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol
    —— N-Bromacetyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamin 53527-14-3 C11H14BrNO3
    N-Bromacetyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamin
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzhydrazid 71094-50-3 C8H10N2O3
    3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzhydrazid
    —— 5,13-dihydroxy-1-phospha-2,16-dioxatetracyclo-[7.7.1.0(3,8) .0(10,15)]hepadeca-3,5,7,10,12,14-hexaene-1-oxide 1268721-29-4 C14H11O5P
    5,13-dihydroxy-1-phospha-2,16-dioxatetracyclo-[7.7.1.0(3,8) .0(10,15)]hepadeca-3,5,7,10,12,14-hexaene-1-oxide
    —— cis(hydroxy-2 methyl-5 styryl)-1 cyclopentanol 90778-38-4 C14H18O2
    cis(hydroxy-2 methyl-5 styryl)-1 cyclopentanol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-6-hydroxy-, ethyl ester 1807256-51-4 C12H11F2NO4
    Benzeneacetic acid, 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-6-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
    —— N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N-methylmethanimidamide 1323158-79-7 C15H22N2O
    N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N-methylmethanimidamide
    —— 2-thioxo-5-vanillyliden-oxazolidin-4-one 99972-81-3 C11H9NO4S
    2-thioxo-5-vanillyliden-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-cycloheptylhydrochinon 16573-17-4 C18H28N2O2
    2-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-cycloheptylhydrochinon
    —— 5-(2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 6981-08-4 C15H18N2O6
    5-(2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1320208-94-3 C11H11N5OS
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrylium cation 62968-76-7 C7H9O2
    2,3-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrylium cation
    —— Hydrazinecarbothioamide,n-hexadecyl-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]- 6962-68-1 C24H41N3OS
    Hydrazinecarbothioamide,n-hexadecyl-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde 855155-31-6 C11H14O4
    4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol 35582-21-9 C9H7NOS
    4-(m-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol
    —— 2-[2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-acetyl]-cyclohexanone 51357-29-0 C14H16O4
    2-[2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-acetyl]-cyclohexanone
    —— o-Tropyl-phenol 91902-41-9 C13H12O
    o-Tropyl-phenol
    —— meso-1,4-Bis-salicylidenamino-butandiol-(2,3) 6135-82-6 C18H20N2O4
    meso-1,4-Bis-salicylidenamino-butandiol-(2,3)
    —— Picric acid; compound with (5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethyl)-p-tolyl-amine 95124-38-2 C6H3N3O7*C13H15NO
    Picric acid; compound with (5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethyl)-p-tolyl-amine
    —— 4-(penten-3-yl-2)-o-chlorophenol 94849-37-3 C11H13ClO
    4-(penten-3-yl-2)-o-chlorophenol
    —— [1-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl acetate 1158077-17-8 C12H13N3O4
    [1-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl acetate
    —— N-(2'-nitro-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 86771-73-5 C9H8N2O5
    N-(2'-nitro-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— {2-[4-(8-Bromo-octyloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl}-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester 78101-42-5 C27H38BrNO5
    {2-[4-(8-Bromo-octyloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl}-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenol 280136-85-8 C12H16O3
    2-Methoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenol
    —— 15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane 106419-46-9 C30H51NO8
    15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxy-6-nitrocinnamoyl)-pyridin 57178-98-0 C14H10N2O4
    2-(3-Hydroxy-6-nitrocinnamoyl)-pyridin
    —— 178393-80-1 C38H56N2O8Pd2
    —— Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-chlorphenyl)trisulfid 57548-09-1 C12H6Cl2N2O6S3
    Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-chlorphenyl)trisulfid
    —— N,N′-bis(4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine 201597-14-0 C21H26N2O4
    N,N′-bis(4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine
    —— 2,4-Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-3,5-dichloro-6-nitrophenol 115848-48-1 C8HCl2F6NO7S2
    2,4-Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-3,5-dichloro-6-nitrophenol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-methyl ester 36767-71-2 C8H9NO2S
    (3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-methyl ester
    —— 6-chloro-2-cyclohexenyl phenol 173537-20-7 C12H13ClO
    6-chloro-2-cyclohexenyl phenol
    —— Tricyclo<49.3.1.1<sup>24,28</sup>>hexapentaconta-1(55),24,26,28(56),51,53-hexaen-25,26,53,54-tetrol 100084-21-7 C56H96O4
    Tricyclo<49.3.1.1<sup>24,28</sup>>hexapentaconta-1(55),24,26,28(56),51,53-hexaen-25,26,53,54-tetrol
    —— 6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-1-(4-thiomorpholinylsufonyl)benzene 276702-84-2 C10H11ClN2O5S2
    6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-1-(4-thiomorpholinylsufonyl)benzene
    —— N,N-diethyl-P-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-phosphonamidic chloride 129835-85-4 C12H19ClNO2P
    N,N-diethyl-P-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-phosphonamidic chloride
    —— α-Methylmercapto-2-nitro-p-cresol 22216-53-1 C8H9NO3S
    α-Methylmercapto-2-nitro-p-cresol
    —— (4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfurimidoyl difluoride 660-33-3 C6H5F2NO2S
    (4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfurimidoyl difluoride
    —— 2-Azido-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd 13804-65-4 C8H7N3O3
    2-Azido-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— (4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 868071-08-3 C10H10ClFO3
    (4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-(5-pyridin-4-ylthiophen-3-yl)acetamide 692887-63-1 C18H15BrN2O3S
    2-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-(5-pyridin-4-ylthiophen-3-yl)acetamide
    —— 3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)acrylonitrile 1055971-05-5 C11H12N2O2S
    3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)acrylonitrile
    —— 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-nitro-3-cresol 55229-54-4 C7H5BrClNO3
    2-bromo-6-chloro-4-nitro-3-cresol
    —— 4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-m-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 112932-57-7 C16H16N2O3
    4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-m-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 2-(1-Ethyl-pentyl)-4,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with morpholine 4095-59-4 C4H9NO*C13H18N2O5
    2-(1-Ethyl-pentyl)-4,6-dinitro-phenol; compound with morpholine
    —— 3-Phenyl-5-vanillyl-isoxazol 19743-26-1 C17H15NO3
    3-Phenyl-5-vanillyl-isoxazol
    —— 6-Chlor-α<sup>4</sup>-methylmercapto-2,4-xylenol 116033-02-4 C9H11ClOS
    6-Chlor-α<sup>4</sup>-methylmercapto-2,4-xylenol
    —— N-Dihydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanimidamide 50602-45-4 C8H10N2O3
    N-Dihydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanimidamide