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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Bromo-5-methyl-4-(pentan-2-yl)phenol 58511-75-4 C12H17BrO
    2-Bromo-5-methyl-4-(pentan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione 57431-51-3 C9H9N3O3
    6-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Brom-2-imidazolylmethylphenol 58042-08-3 C10H9BrN2O
    4-Brom-2-imidazolylmethylphenol
    —— 4-Bromophenol;carbonic acid 5676-69-7 C13H12Br2O5
    4-Bromophenol;carbonic acid
    —— 5-(2-Methoxyethenyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 925689-58-3 C9H10O4
    5-(2-Methoxyethenyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 5-(Tricos-8-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 927691-58-5 C29H50O2
    5-(Tricos-8-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-4-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 928203-64-9 C10H8N2O3S
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-4-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione 927198-58-1 C10H11NO2S
    (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione
    —— 12-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodec-4-en-3-one 927178-32-3 C19H28O4
    12-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 4-[5-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxyimino)decyl]-2-methoxyphenol 925237-25-8 C17H27NO4
    4-[5-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxyimino)decyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,4,5-Tris{[(furan-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-6-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 923267-54-3 C22H20O5S3
    3,4,5-Tris{[(furan-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-6-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4,5-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol 923267-47-4 C16H14O4S2
    4,5-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol
    —— 3,4,6-tris[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol 923267-48-5 C21H18O5S3
    3,4,6-tris[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol
    —— 3,5-Bis{[(furan-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}benzene-1,2-diol 923267-46-3 C16H14O4S2
    3,5-Bis{[(furan-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol 923267-45-2 C11H10O3S
    3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]catechol
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-32-4 C17H14BrFN2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 9-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-9lambda~5~-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one 384339-58-6 C14H19O3P
    9-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-9lambda~5~-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one
    —— 1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-37-9 C17H13Br3N2O2
    1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 2-Cycloheptyl-5-[4-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-one 1402938-66-2 C28H36N2O4
    2-Cycloheptyl-5-[4-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-one
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide 1407597-23-2 C22H37NO3
    N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide
    —— (5Z)-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-58-9 C28H28Br2N6O4S2
    (5Z)-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one 1402354-17-9 C25H31NO6
    (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one
    —— (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one 1402354-12-4 C24H29NO5
    (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)benzamide 1415566-89-0 C10H5N5O8S
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)benzamide
    —— (5Z)-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-22-7 C14H16N2O2S
    (5Z)-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[3-[3-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]propyl-methylamino]propylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-31-8 C27H29N5O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[3-[3-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]propyl-methylamino]propylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-39-1 C17H14Br2N2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 5-[4-Methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one 1402938-58-2 C24H30N2O4
    5-[4-Methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 2-Nitro-4-(8-thia-3,5,10-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-ylamino)phenol 1416371-38-4 C15H9N5O3S
    2-Nitro-4-(8-thia-3,5,10-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-ylamino)phenol
    —— 1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-22-2 C18H16Br2N2O2
    1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 2-Cycloheptyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpyrazol-3-one 1402938-51-5 C19H26N2O3
    2-Cycloheptyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-21-6 C11H10N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-40-4 C17H14BrClN2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-36-8 C17H14Cl2N2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-25-5 C18H17BrN2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide 1407597-25-4 C22H37NO3
    N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide
    —— 2-[3-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]benzene-1,4-diol 1413539-79-3 C13H18O3
    2-[3-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-{[2-(4-{[(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]propyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 1415582-52-3 C27H25N7O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-{[2-(4-{[(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]propyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-61-4 C28H30N6O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one 1402354-08-8 C24H29NO5
    (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one
    —— 1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-30-2 C17H13Br2FN2O2
    1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pentylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-23-8 C15H18N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pentylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-33-5 C17H14ClFN2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one 1402938-49-1 C15H20N2O3
    5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 5-bromo-6-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol 1365030-42-7 C6H4BrClO3
    5-bromo-6-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 4-[[(4-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-diphenoxyphosphoryl-methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1412906-49-0 C24H21ClN3O5P
    4-[[(4-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-diphenoxyphosphoryl-methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-ethyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1395499-03-2 C10H10BrF3O2
    2-Bromo-6-ethyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1395499-02-1 C9H8BrF3O2
    2-Bromo-6-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol 1393820-56-8 C13H18BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[2-[Tert-butyl-bis(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenol 1394170-53-6 C26H32O2Si
    4-[2-[Tert-butyl-bis(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenol