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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(Piperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)phenol 676490-74-7 C12H15NO
    2-(Piperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)phenol
    —— [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-iodoethoxy)methylene]adamantane 133259-07-1 C19H23IO2
    [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-iodoethoxy)methylene]adamantane
    —— 3,6-Diiod-tropolon 89641-08-7 C7H4I2O2
    3,6-Diiod-tropolon
    —— 2-hydroxy-2'-carboxy-3,5,4'-trinitrobiphenyl 99819-83-7 C13H7N3O9
    2-hydroxy-2'-carboxy-3,5,4'-trinitrobiphenyl
    —— methyl 2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetate 1596367-38-2 C10H11BrO4
    methyl 2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 92161-21-2 C14H10BrN3O4
    —— 2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1426400-32-9 C13H14N2O3
    2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[1-(4-hydroxy-anilino)-ethylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one 67867-74-7 C18H17N3O2
    4-[1-(4-hydroxy-anilino)-ethylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
    —— 2-Nitro-5-benzylmercapto-phenol 23153-42-6 C13H11NO3S
    2-Nitro-5-benzylmercapto-phenol
    —— 4-allyl-3,5-dimethylphenol 26489-79-2 C11H14O
    4-allyl-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 6-{4-[N'-(3-Butyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 360795-27-3 C22H26N4O3
    6-{4-[N'-(3-Butyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidincarbonsaeure 39975-94-5 C17H12N4O5
    4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidincarbonsaeure
    —— 2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-4-(1-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol 1286246-71-6 C17H25N3O
    2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-4-(1-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(4-heptylphenylethynyl)phenol 348079-53-8 C21H24O
    4-(4-heptylphenylethynyl)phenol
    —— 2-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1443151-85-6 C12H16BClO3
    2-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5-(3-amino-2-cyano-3-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)amino)-2-propenylidene)-2-methyl-4-oxo-, ethyl ester 171853-01-3 C21H24N4O5
    1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5-(3-amino-2-cyano-3-(((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)amino)-2-propenylidene)-2-methyl-4-oxo-, ethyl ester
    —— 2-Amino-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H,6H,7H-[1,3]selenazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-one 1172774-85-4 C13H13N3O3Se
    2-Amino-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H,6H,7H-[1,3]selenazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(3,6-Dinitro-4,7-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol 107553-51-5 C12H9N5O6
    4-(3,6-Dinitro-4,7-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-cyclohexanone 77203-96-4 C22H20Br2N2O2S
    2-[(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-cyclohexanone
    —— Dimethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonate 125674-87-5 C11H14NO5P
    Dimethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isoxazolin-5-ylphosphonate
    —— 2-tert.-Butyl-3-(2'-hydroxybenzyl)-Δ1-pyrrolin 78744-87-3 C15H21NO
    2-tert.-Butyl-3-(2'-hydroxybenzyl)-Δ1-pyrrolin
    —— 8,11,12-Trideoxy-10-deoxo-asadanin 4712-71-4 C19H22O2
    8,11,12-Trideoxy-10-deoxo-asadanin
    —— 4-{2-[(4S,6R)-6-allyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]ethyl}phenol 1200143-71-0 C17H24O3
    4-{2-[(4S,6R)-6-allyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]ethyl}phenol
    —— 2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1433061-16-5 C16H30O2Si2
    2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxopentanamide 1209463-11-5 C14H19NO3
    N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxopentanamide
    —— 2-Chlor-6-hydroxy-3-nitrotoluol 55289-28-6 C7H6ClNO3
    2-Chlor-6-hydroxy-3-nitrotoluol
    —— 4-(2-imino-2-methoxyethyl)phenol 732238-15-2 C9H11NO2
    4-(2-imino-2-methoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1133982-03-2 C31H38N2O16
    —— Benzeneacetonitrile, 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-nitro- 1824270-15-6 C8H5ClN2O3
    Benzeneacetonitrile, 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-nitro-
    —— 4-n-Hexyl-o-kresol 3280-61-3 C13H20O
    4-n-Hexyl-o-kresol
    —— 3N-(pyridine-2-carboxalidene)aminophenol 387842-08-2 C12H10N2O
    3N-(pyridine-2-carboxalidene)aminophenol
    —— 4-methyl-pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde bis-(2-hydroxy-phenylimine) 110442-30-3 C20H17N3O2
    4-methyl-pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde bis-(2-hydroxy-phenylimine)
    —— 1426827-52-2 C51H94O2Si7
    —— 4-nitro-2-(cyclopentyliminomethyl)phenol 1028205-14-2 C12H14N2O3
    4-nitro-2-(cyclopentyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride 2138114-52-8 C7H7FO4S
    2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride
    —— 3-((2-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 125708-63-6 C14H11ClN2O3
    3-((2-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (Z)-N-methyl-N'-((E)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazonamide compound with picric acid (1:1) 104562-81-4 C6H3N3O7*C13H17N3O
    (Z)-N-methyl-N'-((E)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazonamide compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— 4-(3-chloro-propyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one 53995-35-0 C12H13ClN2O3
    4-(3-chloro-propyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one
    —— 1-(5-benzyloxy-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-15-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentadeca-2,4-dien-1-one 1254222-58-6 C34H45ClO5
    1-(5-benzyloxy-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-15-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentadeca-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2,3,7,8,12,13-Tricycloquinazolinehexol (9CI) 148494-98-8 C21H12N4O6
    2,3,7,8,12,13-Tricycloquinazolinehexol (9CI)
    —— N-(3-Bromo-propyl)-N'-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-guanidine 67453-66-1 C10H14BrN3O
    N-(3-Bromo-propyl)-N'-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-guanidine
    —— 4b,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-biphenylene-1,4-diol 77627-81-7 C12H14O2
    4b,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-biphenylene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-iodobenzamide 1235563-10-6 C14H8Br3IN2O2
    2-bromo-N-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-iodobenzamide
    —— 4-Nitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 142274-56-4 C21H17N5O5
    4-Nitro-benzoic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-phenylazo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2,6-diiodophenol 773088-45-2 C9H8I2O3
    4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2,6-diiodophenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-benzaldehyde O-(5-chloro-2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-oxime 56195-19-8 C13H6ClI2N3O6
    4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-benzaldehyde O-(5-chloro-2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-oxime
    —— 2,2’-(((disulfanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-bromophenol) 146781-13-7 C26H18Br2N2O2S2
    2,2’-(((disulfanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-bromophenol)
    —— 3,5-bis{{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}methyl}phenol 434928-99-1 C20H38O3Si2
    3,5-bis{{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}methyl}phenol
    —— 3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenol 1243460-44-7 C10H11BrO2
    3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenol
    —— o-Toluidin-o-Kresol-Komplex 13665-40-2 C7H8O*C7H9N
    o-Toluidin-o-Kresol-Komplex