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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-hexylbenzene-1,2-diol 7573-07-1 C12H18O2
    3-hexylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-dinitro-biphenyl-4,4'-diol 105836-95-1 C12H6Br2N2O6
    3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-dinitro-biphenyl-4,4'-diol
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxybenzimidsaeureethylesterhydrochlorid 83306-82-5 C9H11NO3*ClH
    3,4-Dihydroxybenzimidsaeureethylesterhydrochlorid
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-valeric acid methyl ester 100257-94-1 C12H16O4
    5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-valeric acid methyl ester
    —— (((4-(2-propoxyethyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene 1191117-28-8 C25H28O3
    (((4-(2-propoxyethyl)-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene
    —— 6-Methoxy-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-benzthiazol 16779-12-7 C16H14N2O3S
    6-Methoxy-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-benzthiazol
    —— (R)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-5-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-2-benzofuranone 1392277-83-6 C23H30O4Si2
    (R)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-5-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-2-benzofuranone
    —— Isoproterenol-sulfonsaeure 78995-74-1 C11H17NO5S
    Isoproterenol-sulfonsaeure
    —— 4-[[[4-(Dimethylamino)-6-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 5672-91-3 C18H18FN7O2
    4-[[[4-(Dimethylamino)-6-(4-fluoroanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-<3,4-Dimethoxy-phenaethyl>-2-<2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl>-acetamid 2688-44-0 C18H21NO5
    N-<3,4-Dimethoxy-phenaethyl>-2-<2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl>-acetamid
    —— 4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-propylresorcin 14383-26-7 C12H13N3O2S
    4-(Thiazolyl-2-azo)-6-propylresorcin
    —— 2-bromo-4-fluoro-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1313182-65-8 C9H12BrFOSi
    2-bromo-4-fluoro-6-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol 133394-05-5 C13H21N3O3
    2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 17646-35-4 C14H8BrFN4OS
    —— 1,5-Diphenyl-3-<3,5-dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-Δ<sup>4</sup>-pyrazolin 10372-63-1 C21H16Br2N2O
    1,5-Diphenyl-3-<3,5-dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-Δ<sup>4</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(hexoxyimino)methyl]phenol 103743-09-5 C13H18ClNO2
    4-Chloro-2-[(hexoxyimino)methyl]phenol
    —— N-{[2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-N-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-propionamide 20939-35-9 C20H22N2O5
    N-{[2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-N-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-propionamide
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(2-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}benzenol 329936-58-5 C13H8Br2ClNO
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(2-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}benzenol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[(E)-thiazol-2-yliminomethyl]-phenol 14866-23-0 C10H6Br2N2OS
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[(E)-thiazol-2-yliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— (R)-1,1,8-Trimethyl-2,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-2,7-diol 133453-60-8 C18H22O2
    (R)-1,1,8-Trimethyl-2,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-2,7-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol 91192-38-0 C9H8N2O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol
    —— N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide 1447160-23-7 C16H17NO4
    N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[[[[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-methylamino]methyl-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 6971-98-8 C17H20N4O2
    2-[[[[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-methylamino]methyl-methylhydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— (E)-2-(((2-hydroxybenzyl)imino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1264045-37-5 C15H15NO3
    (E)-2-(((2-hydroxybenzyl)imino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,3,8,9-Tetrahydroxy-dibenzo<a,e>cyclooctadien 4091-85-4 C16H16O4
    2,3,8,9-Tetrahydroxy-dibenzo<a,e>cyclooctadien
    —— 4-(4-ethyl-5-methyl-2,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-phenol 109506-40-3 C13H17NO2S
    4-(4-ethyl-5-methyl-2,5-dihydro-thiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2,6-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-chlorophenol 1000280-98-7 C12H11ClN6O
    2,6-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-5-thiazolyl)benzaldehyde 1093119-14-2 C12H11NO4S
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-5-thiazolyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 944938-96-9 C27H31NO7
    —— N-(2-(2-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-methoxybenzamide 881465-23-2 C17H17N3O5
    N-(2-(2-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propane-1-sulfonic acid ; barium salt 38789-91-2 Ba*2C10H13O5S
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propane-1-sulfonic acid ; barium salt
    —— 2-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-4-methoxy-5,8-bis-methoxymethoxy-naphthalen-1-ol 740846-21-3 C20H26O8
    2-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-4-methoxy-5,8-bis-methoxymethoxy-naphthalen-1-ol
    —— 2,2'-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-(dipropylamino)ethane-1,2-diyl]diphenol 1262516-57-3 C20H28N2O2
    2,2'-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-(dipropylamino)ethane-1,2-diyl]diphenol
    —— 2,6-Bis-(3-dodecylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol 96672-85-4 C36H66OS2
    2,6-Bis-(3-dodecylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol
    —— 5,6,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[10]annulene-2,8-diol 1065243-22-2 C14H12O2
    5,6,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[10]annulene-2,8-diol
    —— Benzenebutanenitrile, I(3)-amino-2-bromo-3-fluoro-5,6-dihydroxy- 2090514-11-5 C10H10BrFN2O2
    Benzenebutanenitrile, I(3)-amino-2-bromo-3-fluoro-5,6-dihydroxy-
    —— 1,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033770-33-0 C20H15N3O
    1,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— [TiO(1,2-OC6H4CMe=NCH2CH(CH3)NH2CMe-C6H4O-1,2)] 301664-27-7 C19H20N2O2*OTi
    [TiO(1,2-OC6H4CMe=NCH2CH(CH3)NH2CMe-C6H4O-1,2)]
    —— 1083248-63-8 C50H48N6O12
    —— 2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-N-(n-hexadecyl)-benzoesaeureamid 63435-39-2 C24H40N2O4
    2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-N-(n-hexadecyl)-benzoesaeureamid
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride 860767-47-1 C8H11NO*ClH
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride
    —— Acetic acid N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazide 25996-41-2 C10H14N2O3
    Acetic acid N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-hydrazide
    —— 4-(2-Fluoropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1393366-31-8 C10H13FO2
    4-(2-Fluoropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-<2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopentan-1-on 7182-27-6 C11H12O3
    2-<2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopentan-1-on
    —— α-Aminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-benzylalkohol 81998-09-6 C10H15NO4S
    α-Aminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-benzylalkohol
    —— 2.5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzonitril 89942-50-7 C8H7NO2
    2.5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzonitril
    —— 4-Methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-6-prop-2-enylphenol 38998-19-5 C12H16O2
    4-Methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 5,17-di-tert-butyl-26,28-bis(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy)-25,27-dihydroxycalix[4]arene 219316-03-7 C46H56O6
    5,17-di-tert-butyl-26,28-bis(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy)-25,27-dihydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— 4-methyl-2-{[1-(trans-1-methyl-4-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}cyclohexyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}phenol 1134198-01-8 C22H36N2O3
    4-methyl-2-{[1-(trans-1-methyl-4-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}cyclohexyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}phenol
    —— (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-((S)-2-isopropylpent-4-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-one 1010683-88-1 C18H23NO4
    (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-((S)-2-isopropylpent-4-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-one