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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-bromo-6-chloro-3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenol 1600530-35-5 C7H5BrClFO2
    2-bromo-6-chloro-3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenol
    —— ME0194 1226513-92-3 C14H11N3O6
    ME0194
    —— 1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol 859737-99-8 C10H13BrO3
    1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol
    —— 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-4'-decyloxydiphenylsulfon 59023-75-5 C22H29NO6S
    3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-4'-decyloxydiphenylsulfon
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]benzonitrile 1093397-25-1 C10H8N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]benzonitrile
    —— 3-[1-((4-chlorophenyl)imino)ethyl]phenol 1318024-55-3 C14H12ClNO
    3-[1-((4-chlorophenyl)imino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-Cyclopent-3-enyl-2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazono}-thiazolidin-4-one 78757-12-7 C15H15N3O2S
    3-Cyclopent-3-enyl-2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazono}-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— {Hg(II)-(gallacetophenone phenylhydrazone)2} 125920-94-7 C28H26HgN4O6
    {Hg(II)-(gallacetophenone phenylhydrazone)2}
    —— N'-(1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 302917-81-3 C16H20N4O3
    N'-(1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— 3-Brom-5-chlor-salicylaldehyd-anil 19650-57-8 C13H9BrClNO
    3-Brom-5-chlor-salicylaldehyd-anil
    —— [4]pyridyl-acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide) 100867-80-9 C14H13N3O2
    [4]pyridyl-acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenehydrazide)
    —— 3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-23-0 C16H15ClN2O3
    3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-3'-Methoxi-4'-hydroxi-benzaldimin-thiomorpholin-S-dioxid 79207-04-8 C12H16N2O4S
    N-3'-Methoxi-4'-hydroxi-benzaldimin-thiomorpholin-S-dioxid
    —— N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide 1132646-08-2 C14H12ClNOS
    N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclobutyl)-4-chloro-5-fluoro- 1314696-89-3 C10H11ClFNO
    Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclobutyl)-4-chloro-5-fluoro-
    —— 287957-74-8 C16H17NO3
    —— 2,5,6-Trinitro-p-kresol 89975-54-2 C7H5N3O7
    2,5,6-Trinitro-p-kresol
    —— 3-((2-ethoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 125708-65-8 C16H16N2O4
    3-((2-ethoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-(p-Methoxy-phenyl)-1,1-dideutero-ethanol 82054-41-9 C9H12O2
    2-(p-Methoxy-phenyl)-1,1-dideutero-ethanol
    —— 4-{2-[(5-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol 935252-62-3 C15H14ClN3O2S
    4-{2-[(5-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methyl]dodecanamide 1404213-21-3 C19H29I2NO2
    N-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methyl]dodecanamide
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-thiazol 58327-35-8 C9H7NO3S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-thiazol
    —— 2,4',4''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol 38358-62-2 C21H15N3O3
    2,4',4''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol
    —— 5-[2-[[7-[[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-2,7-dimethyloctan-2-yl]amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol 47750-72-1 C26H40N2O6
    5-[2-[[7-[[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-2,7-dimethyloctan-2-yl]amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenylessigsaeure 21354-73-4 C10H12O3
    2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenylessigsaeure
    —— Ph2P(CH2)4NCHC6H4-o-OH 127526-11-8 C23H24NOP
    Ph2P(CH2)4NCHC6H4-o-OH
    —— N,N'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 1192802-17-7 C24H24N6O4S2
    N,N'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide)
    —— 5-nonyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime 86431-48-3 C17H27NO2
    5-nonyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime
    —— 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylfuran-2-one 84023-79-0 C18H14O4
    3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylfuran-2-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol 1378976-82-9 C11H13ClOSi
    4-chloro-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— 1393826-24-8 C23H22N2O4
    —— 4-hydroxy<10>methacyclophane 110457-79-9 C16H24O
    4-hydroxy<10>methacyclophane
    —— hydrazinecarboximidamide compound with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol (1:1) 1235343-57-3 CH6N4*C6H3N3O9
    hydrazinecarboximidamide compound with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol (1:1)
    —— 3-fluoro-4-octyloxyphenol 108542-40-1 C14H21FO2
    3-fluoro-4-octyloxyphenol
    —— 2-(dimethylamino)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium perchlorate 1186304-83-5 C11H10I2NOS2*ClO4
    2-(dimethylamino)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium perchlorate
    —— N'-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide 303084-15-3 C16H16N2O4
    N'-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-(carbonyl-<14C>) 22116-86-5 C7H6O2
    4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-(carbonyl-<14C>)
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(E)-(pyridin-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol 90170-19-7 C13H13N3O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(E)-(pyridin-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— dibenzyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropoxyphenoxy)ethyl phosphate 1220703-30-9 C25H29O7P
    dibenzyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropoxyphenoxy)ethyl phosphate
    —— 3-Methyl-2-butensaeure-<4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1-(3-methyl-2-butenoyl)pyrazol-3-ylester> 75999-23-4 C21H24N2O4
    3-Methyl-2-butensaeure-<4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1-(3-methyl-2-butenoyl)pyrazol-3-ylester>
    —— p-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-cyanacetyl-hydrazon 30010-06-1 C10H9N3O2
    p-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-cyanacetyl-hydrazon
    —— 4-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(6-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)hexyl)butanamide 1146684-88-9 C46H49N5O9S2
    4-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(6-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)hexyl)butanamide
    —— 2-(6-(4-(9-(aminooxy)nonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)hexyl)benzene-1,4-diol 1309932-23-7 C23H38N4O3
    2-(6-(4-(9-(aminooxy)nonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)hexyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-chloro-1-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one 1082036-84-7 C17H14Cl2N2O2
    2-chloro-1-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— Magnesium bromide 4-hydroxybenzen-1-ide (1/1/1) 651034-77-4 C6H5BrMgO
    Magnesium bromide 4-hydroxybenzen-1-ide (1/1/1)
    —— N,N,N',N'-Tetraisopropyl-oxalamide; compound with benzene-1,3-diol 96324-03-7 C6H6O2*C14H28N2O2
    N,N,N',N'-Tetraisopropyl-oxalamide; compound with benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,6-dimethylbenzylalkohol 70979-84-9 C10H14O3
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,6-dimethylbenzylalkohol
    —— 3,6-diethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene 1048999-06-9 C10H14O4
    3,6-diethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene
    —— 3,4-bis(hexadecyloxy)phenol 1277180-70-7 C38H70O3
    3,4-bis(hexadecyloxy)phenol
    —— methyl (3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 518979-04-9 C9H9ClO3
    methyl (3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate