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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3-dideuterio-phenol 64045-90-5 C6H6O
    2,3-dideuterio-phenol
    —— 5-[2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]-2-iminopyridin-3(2H)-one 79145-97-4 C11H8N6O5
    5-[2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]-2-iminopyridin-3(2H)-one
    —— (E)-2-(3'-methyloct-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-chlorophenol 1163722-43-7 C15H17ClO
    (E)-2-(3'-methyloct-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-trithian 59338-72-6 C9H10OS3
    2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-trithian
    —— 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-[[3-[[5-[(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol 1352618-78-0 C30H23Cl2N9O4
    4-[(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-[[3-[[5-[(4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]iminomethyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Iodo-2-[2-(2-pyridin-2-ylethylsulfanyl)ethyliminomethyl]phenol 615257-08-4 C16H17IN2OS
    4-Iodo-2-[2-(2-pyridin-2-ylethylsulfanyl)ethyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— bis(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine 750647-84-8 C20H18Br4N2O2
    bis(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine
    —— 2-(N-bromo-4-methylanilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile 84359-03-5 C16H15BrN2O2
    2-(N-bromo-4-methylanilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-chloro-4-[(E)-2-cyclopentyl-1-(5-ethyl-6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol 1310949-10-0 C21H24ClNO2
    2-chloro-4-[(E)-2-cyclopentyl-1-(5-ethyl-6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
    —— 135799-44-9 C22H23N4O4PS
    —— 2-Fluoro-4-iodo-3,5-dimethylphenol 1253216-43-1 C8H8FIO
    2-Fluoro-4-iodo-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-butyl-thiosemicarbazon 18965-11-2 C17H27N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-butyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-(2-methylsulfanylethyliminomethyl)phenol 851594-10-0 C11H15NO2S
    2-Methoxy-6-(2-methylsulfanylethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(5-chlorovanillino)-4-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl)thiazole 115541-15-6 C14H9ClN2O5S
    2-(5-chlorovanillino)-4-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl)thiazole
    —— 2,6-diacetoxymercury(II)-4-isoamyl phenol 856345-61-4 C15H20Hg2O5
    2,6-diacetoxymercury(II)-4-isoamyl phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)propanenitrile 1323387-80-9 C13H19NO3Si
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)propanenitrile
    —— p-[1,1-di(3-iodopropyl)-4-iodobutyl]phenol 224191-93-9 C16H23I3O
    p-[1,1-di(3-iodopropyl)-4-iodobutyl]phenol
    —— 5-isocyano-2-methoxyphenol 1268445-45-9 C8H7NO2
    5-isocyano-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Dodecyl-2-methyl-6-[[2,4,5-tris[(5-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 1373212-90-8 C86H130N4O4
    4-Dodecyl-2-methyl-6-[[2,4,5-tris[(5-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— <2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon 19265-96-4 C13H10N4O5
    <2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— 2-Methoxymethoxy-4-nitro-phenol 4999-55-7 C8H9NO5
    2-Methoxymethoxy-4-nitro-phenol
    —— rac Epinephrine-d3 1189977-29-4 C9H13NO3
    rac Epinephrine-d3
    —— 1377291-44-5 C14H10Cl3NO2
    —— 3-chloro-4,N-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzamidine 944327-01-9 C8H9ClN2O3
    3-chloro-4,N-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzamidine
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboximidamide 1289205-74-8 C17H17FN4O3
    1-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboximidamide
    —— 1.9-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)nonane 10365-42-1 C23H32O4
    1.9-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)nonane
    —— 883716-25-4 C114H126N8Ni2O8
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)methyleneamino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiophene-3-carboxamide 69438-40-0 C16H15N3O4S
    2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)methyleneamino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiophene-3-carboxamide
    —— 94118-44-2 C24H18N4O8W
    —— N-but-2-enyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide 94295-95-1 C13H14N2O5
    N-but-2-enyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide
    —— 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 477848-06-9 C14H12BrN3O3
    3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— 2-{2-Hydroxy-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-benzonitrile 84866-07-9 C19H22N2O5
    2-{2-Hydroxy-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-benzonitrile
    —— 2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitro-phenol 853567-26-7 C8H6N4O3S
    2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 7-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido<1,2-b><1,2>benzisoxazole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 76288-39-6 C19H15NO6
    7-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido<1,2-b><1,2>benzisoxazole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
    —— sodium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-53-7 C14H19O9S*Na
    sodium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)phenol 1091611-03-8 C8H4F6OS2
    3,5-Bis(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)phenol
    —— ethyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butyrate 82156-52-3 C13H17BrO5
    ethyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butyrate
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylheptyl)-phenol 17473-32-4 C16H24N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylheptyl)-phenol
    —— N-n-Octyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2 86840-94-0 C17H27N3O4
    N-n-Octyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2
    —— 5-Benzamido-1-<4-(2-hydroxy-aethyl)amino)-2-methoxy-phenoxy>-pentan 4956-64-3 C21H28N2O4
    5-Benzamido-1-<4-(2-hydroxy-aethyl)amino)-2-methoxy-phenoxy>-pentan
    —— 3-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohepta-1.3.5-trien 13250-34-5 C15H16O
    3-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohepta-1.3.5-trien
    —— 3-iodo-2-((methyl(4-(triethylsilyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1617543-71-1 C18H27IN2O3Si
    3-iodo-2-((methyl(4-(triethylsilyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (R)-N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide 1425092-63-2 C15H23NO3S
    (R)-N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
    —— 1233362-21-4 C14H22O7S2
    —— 2-(α-methoxycarbonylhexafluoroisopropylthio)-5-methoxyphenol 137380-40-6 C12H10F6O4S
    2-(α-methoxycarbonylhexafluoroisopropylthio)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-thiobenzimidic acid methyl ester 61636-48-4 C8H9NOS
    2-Hydroxy-thiobenzimidic acid methyl ester
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxythiacalix[4]arene 182496-70-4 C24H12Br4O4S4
    5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxythiacalix[4]arene
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[2-(6-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 5617-96-9 C19H18N6O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[[2-(6-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)hydrazinyl]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 3-Isoxazoleacetic acid, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, methyl ester 573984-66-4 C12H11NO4
    3-Isoxazoleacetic acid, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidothioate 115661-30-8 C9H11NO2S
    methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidothioate