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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(4-methyl(2-pyridyl))ethenyl]benzen-1-ol 87625-42-1 C13H12N2O
    2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(4-methyl(2-pyridyl))ethenyl]benzen-1-ol
    —— 2,12-dimethyl-6,8,14,15-tetrahydro-7H-naphtho[2,3-d]anthracene 125176-25-2 C17H16CoN2O4
    2,12-dimethyl-6,8,14,15-tetrahydro-7H-naphtho[2,3-d]anthracene
    —— 1372602-45-3 C14H12NO5*Na
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 1208325-68-1 C8H9N3O3S
    3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 488121-67-1 C16H14N4O3S
    4-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 3-Bromo-5-(4-ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1261929-91-2 C12H11BrOS
    3-Bromo-5-(4-ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— 1243221-00-2 C30H27N2O2PPd
    —— 2-bromo-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-chloro-5-methoxyphenol 1365030-62-1 C13H20BrClO3Si
    2-bromo-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-chloro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-butylimino]-methyl}-phenol 116779-18-1 C11H15NO2
    2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-butylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 1-<N,N'-Diphenylformamidino>-thiocarbamid 99997-32-7 C6H3N3O7*C14H14N4S
    1-<N,N'-Diphenylformamidino>-thiocarbamid
    —— 4-(1,2-Dimethylbutyl)-2,6-dinitrophenol 19165-92-5 C12H16N2O5
    4-(1,2-Dimethylbutyl)-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 3-Methoxy-5-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol 600134-76-7 C9H9NO2S
    3-Methoxy-5-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol
    —— 3,6-diethylcatechol 30203-42-0 C10H14O2
    3,6-diethylcatechol
    —— 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenol 1316314-51-8 C16H17ClO4
    4-(benzyloxy)-2-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenol
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-6-nitrophenol 902240-95-3 C8H9NO4
    2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 20099-11-0 C15H13Br2NO2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— N,N-Diaethyl-3-<N'-vanilloyl-N'-aethyl-amino>-propionamid 94861-55-9 C17H26N2O4
    N,N-Diaethyl-3-<N'-vanilloyl-N'-aethyl-amino>-propionamid
    —— 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-hydroxyethylphenol 364777-43-5 C12H16O4
    2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-hydroxyethylphenol
    —— Salor-int l451932-1ea 128742-31-4 C15H15N3O2S
    Salor-int l451932-1ea
    —— 1432754-06-7 C17H17NO4S
    —— (2-{[Cyano-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl]-amino}-ethylamino)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile 17837-62-6 C20H22N4O4
    (2-{[Cyano-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl]-amino}-ethylamino)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile
    —— 1-tert-butyl-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 218795-74-5 C12H17N3O2S
    1-tert-butyl-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-nitro-5-methylsalicylaldoxime 402498-34-4 C8H8N2O4
    3-nitro-5-methylsalicylaldoxime
    —— <2H3>-m-cresol 108791-52-2 C7H8O
    <2H3>-m-cresol
    —— N-(3-cyclopentylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide 478400-41-8 C20H23NO3
    N-(3-cyclopentylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenethanamide
    —— 2-Dibutylphosphanyl-3-methoxy-phenol 141868-77-1 C15H25O2P
    2-Dibutylphosphanyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(((3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1426853-73-7 C18H23NO5
    4-(((3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— N-(4,5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyphenethyl) butanamide 158903-97-0 C14H21NO4
    N-(4,5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyphenethyl) butanamide
    —— dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxylbenzyl)malonate 1428962-12-2 C17H19BrO6
    dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxylbenzyl)malonate
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-sulfonsaeure-(1)-methylester 90927-32-5 C10H14O4S
    2-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-sulfonsaeure-(1)-methylester
    —— 4-(2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrozinocarboxymethoxy)benz-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide 1202229-25-1 C25H24N4O7
    4-(2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrozinocarboxymethoxy)benz-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate 69781-05-1 C6H3N2O5*H2O*Na
    sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate
    —— ((R)-1-{[5-Bromo-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamino]-methyl}-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 956125-17-0 C19H24BrClN4O3
    ((R)-1-{[5-Bromo-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamino]-methyl}-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4,5-Bis(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 1164106-47-1 C12H9N5O6
    4,5-Bis(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-[5-(Aminomethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol 1247709-83-6 C12H14N2OS
    4-[5-(Aminomethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 5-Brommethyl-novovanillin 2973-69-5 C10H11BrO3
    5-Brommethyl-novovanillin
    —— N'~1~,N'~8~-bis[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]octanedihydrazide 202872-48-8 C22H26N4O4
    N'~1~,N'~8~-bis[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]octanedihydrazide
    —— (2-phenylpyridine)Pt(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate) 1610850-71-9 C30H22NO2PPt
    (2-phenylpyridine)Pt(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate)
    —— α-Amylamino-β-<o-hydroxy-benzoyl>-acrylsaeure-amylmid 94754-56-0 C20H30N2O3
    α-Amylamino-β-<o-hydroxy-benzoyl>-acrylsaeure-amylmid
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-benzaldehyde-semicarbazone 19275-37-7 C9H11N3O3
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-benzaldehyde-semicarbazone
    —— 3-methoxy-2-(2-nitroethyl)phenol 1255037-19-4 C9H11NO4
    3-methoxy-2-(2-nitroethyl)phenol
    —— Metaraminol 2122-95-4 C9H13NO2
    Metaraminol
    —— 2-hydroxybenzylaminomethylphosphonic acid 879083-87-1 C8H12NO4P
    2-hydroxybenzylaminomethylphosphonic acid
    —— 2-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-5-en-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol 1356338-02-7 C19H32O3Si
    2-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-5-en-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-aza-18-crown-6 79592-90-8 C19H30N2O8
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-aza-18-crown-6
    —— [2-Fluoro-4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]boronic acid 1029440-04-7 C15H16BFO4
    [2-Fluoro-4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]boronic acid
    —— 2-decylbenzene-1,3,5-triol 96756-22-8 C16H26O3
    2-decylbenzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-m-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone) 382141-97-1 C23H20Cl2N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-m-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)malonate 1428962-07-5 C18H21BrO5
    dimethyl 2-(4-bromobut-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)malonate
    —— 3-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester 155697-02-2 C14H17Br2NO5
    3-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester