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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid 320777-43-3 C14H12N2O5
    2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]phenylacetic acid
    —— 1-Methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-2-{1-[1-methoxy-1-trimethylsilanyloxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-trimethylsilanyloxy-allyl}-benzene 80314-57-4 C21H36O5Si2
    1-Methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-2-{1-[1-methoxy-1-trimethylsilanyloxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-trimethylsilanyloxy-allyl}-benzene
    —— 4-chloro-salicylaldehyde acetylhydrazone 19161-56-9 C9H9ClN2O2
    4-chloro-salicylaldehyde acetylhydrazone
    —— (S)-2-N-(salicylideneamino)-3-methyl-butan-1-ol 916518-81-5 C12H17NO2
    (S)-2-N-(salicylideneamino)-3-methyl-butan-1-ol
    —— 2-Brom-prop-1-en-3-yl-isoharnstoff-pikrat 91715-86-5 C4H7BrN2S*C6H3N3O7
    2-Brom-prop-1-en-3-yl-isoharnstoff-pikrat
    —— butyl (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 129411-24-1 C13H18O3
    butyl (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2,2'-Methylenebis(3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenol) 153444-03-2 C15H12Cl4O4
    2,2'-Methylenebis(3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenol)
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,2]dithiol-3-thione 113511-16-3 C9H6O2S3
    5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,2]dithiol-3-thione
    —— diphenyl [(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate 1333496-68-6 C27H22N3O7PS
    diphenyl [(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate
    —— 2-(2-Ethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-(oxolan-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one 1057654-22-4 C20H26O3
    2-(2-Ethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-(oxolan-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 264224-11-5 C10H7NO4
    3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
    —— 2-amino-4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-8-oxo-4H,8H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile 1422518-69-1 C17H14N2O5
    2-amino-4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-8-oxo-4H,8H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(4-cyanatophenyl)ethyl methacrylate 1580466-02-9 C13H13NO3
    2-(4-cyanatophenyl)ethyl methacrylate
    —— (+)-[N,N'-bis-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)]-1,2-diaminocyclobutane 693274-27-0 C18H18N2O2
    (+)-[N,N'-bis-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)]-1,2-diaminocyclobutane
    —— 2-(bis<2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl>aminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 167415-74-9 C21H22N4O3
    2-(bis<2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl>aminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2,2-di-t-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl-1,3,2-dioxasilane 507465-98-7 C25H43NO5Si
    5-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2,2-di-t-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl-1,3,2-dioxasilane
    —— 4-(2-((2,5-dichlorophenyl)amino)thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 929599-75-7 C15H10Cl2N2O2S
    4-(2-((2,5-dichlorophenyl)amino)thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(β-Methoxyethyl)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 17207-23-7 C17H28O2
    4-(β-Methoxyethyl)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
    —— (4,6-D2)Pyrogallol 87449-72-7 C6H6O3
    (4,6-D2)Pyrogallol
    —— 1-(3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-11-hydroxy-undeca-1Z,9Z-diene 132704-92-8 C19H28O4
    1-(3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-11-hydroxy-undeca-1Z,9Z-diene
    —— diisopropyl 4-hydroxyphenylphosphonate 1073561-83-7 C12H19O4P
    diisopropyl 4-hydroxyphenylphosphonate
    —— 4-[[[4-[[Bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1201916-26-8 C40H44N2O8
    4-[[[4-[[Bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,6-dinitrophenol 30840-44-9 C15H13N3O8
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 2,2-Diaethylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan 108759-17-7 C14H22O2S2
    2,2-Diaethylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan
    —— (1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde 1595280-35-5 C14H16O3
    (1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde
    —— 2-Cyclopenten-1-yl-6-methylphenol 63953-17-3 C12H14O
    2-Cyclopenten-1-yl-6-methylphenol
    —— 3-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1421504-74-6 C15H12BrNO2
    3-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-allyl-4-chloro-6-methoxyphenol 851344-50-8 C10H11ClO2
    2-allyl-4-chloro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)-6-methoxyphenol 850856-59-6 C8H8BrNO3
    2-bromo-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— Benzyloxythiocarbonylhydrazon des 2-Hydroxy-acetophenon 97740-21-1 C16H16N2O2S
    Benzyloxythiocarbonylhydrazon des 2-Hydroxy-acetophenon
    —— bis(4-methoxyphenethyl) carbonate 1262208-05-8 C19H22O5
    bis(4-methoxyphenethyl) carbonate
    —— 2-allyl-4,5,6-trichloro-3-methoxy-phenol 99184-41-5 C10H9Cl3O2
    2-allyl-4,5,6-trichloro-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(4-Bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 1261815-87-5 C8H7BrO3
    2-(4-Bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-dodecanoic acid (2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amide 140112-93-2 C22H37NO4
    2,2-Dimethyl-dodecanoic acid (2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-amide
    —— 2-(1-Ethyl-allyl)-4-methyl-phenol 13831-48-6 C12H16O
    2-(1-Ethyl-allyl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— tert-butyl 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)(imino)methyl]hydrazinecarboxylate 1448673-74-2 C12H17N3O3
    tert-butyl 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)(imino)methyl]hydrazinecarboxylate
    —— 3-[2-[3-amino-6-(2-methylsulfinylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]ethynyl] phenol 1350351-21-1 C19H15N3O2S
    3-[2-[3-amino-6-(2-methylsulfinylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]ethynyl] phenol
    —— 4,4'-(3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-diene-1,8-diyl)bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) O,O-di(2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl) dioxime 844644-82-2 C38H40N6O14
    4,4'-(3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-diene-1,8-diyl)bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) O,O-di(2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl) dioxime
    —— 3-(2-Aminoethoxy)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole hydrochloride 195714-08-0 C11H12N2O3*ClH
    3-(2-Aminoethoxy)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole hydrochloride
    —— 6-Chlor-α-(cyclopentylaminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzylalkohol 33584-93-9 C13H18ClNO3
    6-Chlor-α-(cyclopentylaminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzylalkohol
    —— Phenol, 3-(1-azidoethyl)-, (S)- 139306-11-9 C8H9N3O
    Phenol, 3-(1-azidoethyl)-, (S)-
    —— 16-(1-adamantyl)-12,21-diaza-[3.3](1,3)-adamantanemetacyclophane-12,20-dien-19-ol 1120356-42-4 C30H38N2O
    16-(1-adamantyl)-12,21-diaza-[3.3](1,3)-adamantanemetacyclophane-12,20-dien-19-ol
    —— 2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-oxo-cyclohexyl)-methyl]-malonic acid 73922-68-6 C16H17ClO6
    2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(2-oxo-cyclohexyl)-methyl]-malonic acid
    —— 5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-methylphenol 933045-98-8 C11H12N4O
    5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-methylphenol
    —— 6-Hydrazino-3-(4-hydroxy-benzalhydrazino)-pyridazin 99864-77-4 C11H12N6O
    6-Hydrazino-3-(4-hydroxy-benzalhydrazino)-pyridazin
    —— (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,12a<i>t</i>)-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a-decahydro-3a<i>H</i>-cycloundecoxazole; picrate 124143-37-9 C6H3N3O7*C18H25NO
    (+/-)-2-phenyl-(3a<i>r</i>,12a<i>t</i>)-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a-decahydro-3a<i>H</i>-cycloundecoxazole; picrate
    —— N-vanillyl-11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienamide 104899-02-7 C28H43NO3
    N-vanillyl-11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienamide
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid 860517-85-7 C6H6AsNO6
    (2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dinickel dithiocarbamate complex 706780-72-5 C124H172N8Ni2O12S8
    bis[di(butylaminoacetamidoethoxy)dihydroxy-tert-butylcalix[4]arene]dinickel dithiocarbamate complex
    —— <4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl><2-methyl-1-propenyl>keton 75999-14-3 C17H20N2O2
    <4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl><2-methyl-1-propenyl>keton