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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N,N'-dibutyl-c-3,c-4-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-r-1,c-2-cyclobutanedicarboxamide 84319-80-2 C26H34N2O4
    N,N'-dibutyl-c-3,c-4-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-r-1,c-2-cyclobutanedicarboxamide
    —— 2(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propan-1,3-diol 4936-89-4 C11H13Br2NO4
    2(3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propan-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-phenylethyl-3'.4'.6'-trimethylphenyl)-3.3-dimethyl-1-propanol 40614-24-2 C21H28O3
    3-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-phenylethyl-3'.4'.6'-trimethylphenyl)-3.3-dimethyl-1-propanol
    —— 1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-1-penten3-one oxime 114880-58-9 C16H17NO4
    1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-1-penten3-one oxime
    —— 4-[(Pyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl]phenolhydrobromide 2408969-63-9 C11H16BrNO
    4-[(Pyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl]phenolhydrobromide
    —— 3-n-Heptyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-thion 93959-17-2 C17H21NO2S2
    3-n-Heptyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-thion
    —— 2-(1-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylethylideneamino)phenol;1-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-N-pyrazin-2-ylethanimine;iron(2+) 358723-37-2 C24H22FeN4O
    2-(1-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylethylideneamino)phenol;1-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-N-pyrazin-2-ylethanimine;iron(2+)
    —— 4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenethyl acetate 596804-01-2 C16H26O3Si
    4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenethyl acetate
    —— 1,2-Bis-<3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-(dimethylaminomethyl)-benzothio>-ethan 36404-44-1 C24H36N2O2S2
    1,2-Bis-<3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-(dimethylaminomethyl)-benzothio>-ethan
    —— 2-<(4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorophenyl)imino>-1,3-diacetylimidazolidine 109988-71-8 C13H13Cl2N3O3
    2-<(4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorophenyl)imino>-1,3-diacetylimidazolidine
    —— 4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-(pyridine-2-carboximidoyl)phenol 157302-01-7 C12H8BrClN2O
    4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-(pyridine-2-carboximidoyl)phenol
    —— (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraethyl-15,35,55,75-tetraiodo-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 1377354-47-6 C36H36I4O8
    (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraethyl-15,35,55,75-tetraiodo-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— 3-((1S,4R,7R)-4,7-Bis-methoxymethyl-1-methyl-5-methylene-2,3-diphenyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-yloxy)-4,5-dichloro-6-hydroxy-phthalonitrile 145354-95-6 C33H28Cl2N2O4
    3-((1S,4R,7R)-4,7-Bis-methoxymethyl-1-methyl-5-methylene-2,3-diphenyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-yloxy)-4,5-dichloro-6-hydroxy-phthalonitrile
    —— 3-O-methylrimiterol 32459-45-3 C13H19NO3
    3-O-methylrimiterol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile 117616-55-4 C15H11N5O2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile
    —— 5-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one 471279-51-3 C16H20O2
    5-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-cycloocten-1-one
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-(3-methylbutan-2-ylideneamino)phenol 1338722-53-4 C11H14FNO
    3-Fluoro-4-(3-methylbutan-2-ylideneamino)phenol
    —— 3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-propan-1-one oxime 36256-96-9 C15H17N3O4
    3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-3-yl-propan-1-one oxime
    —— 4-Bromo-2-((Z)-2-chloro-2-nitro-vinyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 117672-28-3 C9H7BrClNO4
    4-Bromo-2-((Z)-2-chloro-2-nitro-vinyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E)-4-(1-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 1359941-14-2 C14H21N3O2
    (E)-4-(1-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-6-iodo-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 892150-26-4 C8H7IO3
    2-Hydroxy-6-iodo-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— N,N′-bis(o-vanillidene)-4-methyl-o-phenylenediamine 1402143-03-6 C23H22N2O4
    N,N′-bis(o-vanillidene)-4-methyl-o-phenylenediamine
    —— 2-[5-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-nitrophenol 1044735-07-0 C14H14N4O3
    2-[5-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylenoxymethylene adamantane] 898909-51-8 C36H42O4
    bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylenoxymethylene adamantane]
    —— 2-ethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 99357-68-3 C9H9NOS
    2-ethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-bis[(3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-diaminoethane 1192836-56-8 C34H40N2O4
    N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-bis[(3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-diaminoethane
    —— 100842-25-9 C15H24CaO
    —— (2,6-(Me2NCH2)2-C6H3)Sb(OP(O)(OH)tBu)2 1235587-32-2 C20H39N2O6P2Sb
    (2,6-(Me2NCH2)2-C6H3)Sb(OP(O)(OH)tBu)2
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenylhydrazo)cyclohexane-1,3-dione 905231-69-8 C14H15N3O5
    5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenylhydrazo)cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— Methyl-2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylpropionat 38691-67-7 C11H13BrO4
    Methyl-2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylpropionat
    —— N,N’-ethylene-bis(3-bromosalicylaldimine) 872285-98-8 C16H14Br2N2O2
    N,N’-ethylene-bis(3-bromosalicylaldimine)
    —— 1,3-bis-(3,4-dihydroxysalicyldiniminomethyl)cyclohexane 183246-65-3 C22H26N2O6
    1,3-bis-(3,4-dihydroxysalicyldiniminomethyl)cyclohexane
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-(diphenyl-phosphinoyl)-phenol 64400-11-9 C18H11Cl4O2P
    2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-(diphenyl-phosphinoyl)-phenol
    —— 136300-42-0 C12H15CuNO5S
    —— 4-(adamantan-1-ylaminomethyl)benzene-1,3,5-triol 1443121-50-3 C17H23NO3
    4-(adamantan-1-ylaminomethyl)benzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— 2,5-pyrrolediylbis[N-(o-hydroxyphenylaldimine)] 106776-18-5 C18H15N3O2
    2,5-pyrrolediylbis[N-(o-hydroxyphenylaldimine)]
    —— α-morpholinobenzylideneamine picrate 52460-55-6 C6H3N3O7*C11H14N2O
    α-morpholinobenzylideneamine picrate
    —— 3-(1-pyrrolidinylmethylene)-3H-indolium picrate 75629-53-7 C6H3N3O7*C13H14N2
    3-(1-pyrrolidinylmethylene)-3H-indolium picrate
    —— 4-Perfluoroethyl-1,3-benzenediol 134284-99-4 C8H5F5O2
    4-Perfluoroethyl-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 1440077-07-5 C11H14BrNO2S
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)pimelinodihydrazone 1062484-73-4 C23H26N6O8
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)pimelinodihydrazone
    —— 1161948-73-7 C11H10F3NO3
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methylhex-5-enenitrile 1346619-73-5 C14H17NO2
    2-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methylhex-5-enenitrile
    —— (R)-2-chloro-4-(4-methyl-(E)-2-nitrohept-1-enyl)phenol 1035695-07-8 C14H18ClNO3
    (R)-2-chloro-4-(4-methyl-(E)-2-nitrohept-1-enyl)phenol
    —— methyl 2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate 1612264-33-1 C9H10N2O2S2
    methyl 2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate
    —— 84775-11-1 C6H6O2*C12H30N6*3H
    —— 4-n-Amyl-2-octyl-phenol 93642-10-5 C19H32O
    4-n-Amyl-2-octyl-phenol
    —— N-tert-butyl-N-(1-dimethoxyphosphoryl-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide 1326345-13-4 C6H3N3O7*C11H26NO4P
    N-tert-butyl-N-(1-dimethoxyphosphoryl-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide
    —— 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol 1188537-96-3 C11H14BrClN2O
    2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methylacetophenon-(p)-chlorphenylanil 56156-82-2 C15H14ClNO
    2-Hydroxy-5-methylacetophenon-(p)-chlorphenylanil